Hruby Slovensky preklad titulkov pre program: BBC Horizon 2012 - Epizodu 03 - Eat, Fast And Live Longer (Jedz, pôsti sa a ži dlhšie):

Tu je cele video v horsej kvalite (Vimeo.com - 297MB): BBC - Eat, Fast And Live Longer (Jedz, pôsti sa a ži dlhšie) from Jozef on Vimeo.

A tu to je v originalnej kvalite (DailyMotion.com - 769MB):

BBC - Eat, Fast And Live Longer (Jedz, pôsti sa... by jozef-zilina

A ak by chcel niekto upravit titulky, tu su ako v Slovencine, tak aj v Anglictine (akurat mi potom poslite novu kopiu v komentari alebo emailom):

Slovenske Titulky:

1 00:00:07,040 --> 00:00:09,000 Milujem zivot,

2 00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:13,280 a preto chcem zostat mlady a energicky, a uzivat si to tak dlho, ako to len pojde.

3 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:15,480 Mam lekarsky trening.

4 00:00:15,480 --> 00:00:19,360 A som si vedomy vsetkych odporuceni o tom ako mam zostat zdravy.

5 00:00:19,360 --> 00:00:23,120 Ale v mojom pripade to nejako proste nefunguje.

6 00:00:24,760 --> 00:00:29,800 Zistil som, ze moje telo uz nie je ten stihly a trvanlivy pristroj

7 00:00:29,800 --> 00:00:31,800 ktorym by som chcel aby bolo.

8 00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:37,480 Tretina vasho tela je tuk. Dakujem! Ze ste to tak zroraznili.

9 00:00:37,480 --> 00:00:42,400 Chcel som vidiet, ci veda moze ponuknut nejaky iny sposob, ako zastavit starnutie,

10 00:00:42,400 --> 00:00:44,560 spomalit hodiny,

11 00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:48,000 a tak som vyrazil najst odbornikov

12 00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:51,520 ktori sa snazia bojovat proti starnutiu.

13 00:00:51,520 --> 00:00:54,760 Tu od zakladu prepisujeme ludsku fyziologiu. Ooh ... joj!

14 00:00:56,160 --> 00:01:00,440 Ak sa vam podari najst nieco ine, co nebude boliet a bude mat tie iste vyhody,

15 00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:03,440 a bude sposobovat taketo uzasne zmeny, rad by som o tom vedel.

16 00:01:05,160 --> 00:01:08,200 Co som zistil, bolo naozaj prekvapujuce.

17 00:01:09,800 --> 00:01:14,640 Nejedna sa o ziadne tabletky, ziadne injekcie a nema to ziadne skryte naklady.

18 00:01:14,640 --> 00:01:17,400 Je to vsetko otazka len a len toho, co jete.

19 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:19,400 Alebo lepsie povedane, toho co nejete.

20 00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:25,480 Vcera v noci sa mi snivalo ze som jedol sendvic a potom som sa citil hrozne previnilo.

21 00:01:25,480 --> 00:01:26,840 Je to cele o poste.

22 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:30,120 A ako sa postit co jednoduchsie!

23 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:32,400 A ak by som isiel na Joe-ov zivotny styl...?

24 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:36,200 Do roka budete uplne vylieceny!

25 00:01:42,480 --> 00:01:48,600 Velkou prednostou je, ze je to zaciatok niecoho, co si myslim, ze by mohol byt velmi vyznamne.

26 00:01:48,600 --> 00:01:51,480 A ak sa to chyti a pojde v spravnom smere... Viem si predstavit, ze to aj bude

27 00:01:51,480 --> 00:01:54,920 a moze byt skutocne nieco revolucne.

28 00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:12,720 (Klakson)

29 00:02:18,520 --> 00:02:23,160 Existuje vela ludi, co zostavaju relativne mladymi a fit

30 00:02:23,160 --> 00:02:25,160 aj po dosiahnuti dochodkoveho veku.

31 00:02:33,480 --> 00:02:36,320 Vacsinou to dosiahnu tradicnym sposobom -

32 00:02:36,320 --> 00:02:39,120 hlavne prostrednictvom cvicenia.

33 00:02:39,120 --> 00:02:42,280 Dnes som prisiel na Londynsky maraton.

34 00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:47,000 Takmer 36 tisic ludi vsetkych tvarov a velkosti

35 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:49,360 ktory sa snazia pokorit 42km dlhu trasu.

36 00:02:49,360 --> 00:02:51,480 Niektory z nich su mladici,

37 00:02:51,480 --> 00:02:53,400 vela znich vsak uz nie az tak mladych.

38 00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:03,920 Je tu uplne fantasticka atmosfera.

39 00:03:03,920 --> 00:03:05,760 Doteraz som nikdy nebezal maraton

40 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:08,560 a pravdu povediac, tiez nemam ziadne plany niekedy maraton bezat,

41 00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:12,160 ale dneska tu je vela ludi co bezat budu a

42 00:03:12,160 --> 00:03:15,160 su ovela starsi nez som ja sam.

43 00:03:15,160 --> 00:03:18,880 Je tu 7 tisic ludi nad 50 rokov

44 00:03:18,880 --> 00:03:21,480 a co je uplne neuveritelne,

45 00:03:21,480 --> 00:03:25,560 je tu sedem ludi, co su starsi nez 80 rokov.

46 00:03:31,320 --> 00:03:35,280 Budem sa snazit niektorych z nich

47 00:03:35,280 --> 00:03:37,200 opytat, ako to vlastne robia.

48 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:39,560 Dobry den! Ako sa mate? Dobry den!

49 00:03:40,760 --> 00:03:42,720 Kolko mate rokov? 78.

50 00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:44,360 A kolko mate rokov vy? 81.

51 00:03:50,960 --> 00:03:54,280 Ake je tajomstvo? Beh? Nie, kuzelna palicka :)

52 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:57,520 Len dobre jest. Tvrdo pracovat synak, to je vsetko!

53 00:03:59,120 --> 00:04:04,200 Kazdy, kto dokaze ubehnut maraton v 70tke si zasluzi moju uctu,

54 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:10,000 ale ja cakam na muza, pri ktorom osemdesiatnici vyzeraju mlado.

55 00:04:13,920 --> 00:04:16,440 Fauja Singh je niekto uplne uzasny.

56 00:04:16,440 --> 00:04:19,120 Bol aktivny po cely zivot,

57 00:04:19,120 --> 00:04:22,800 a seriozne sa zacal venovat behu az v jeho 80tke.

58 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:27,640 Co to je, co ho drzi tak pozoruhodne fit?

59 00:04:27,640 --> 00:04:31,200 Dobry den. Rad Vas vidim.

60 00:04:31,200 --> 00:04:34,080 Kolko rokov ma Fauja? 101.

61 00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:37,000 Narodil sa 1. Aprila 1911.

62 00:04:37,000 --> 00:04:41,000 Bohuzial nie este docela zvladol anglicky jazyk.

63 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:44,200 Nebude vam vadit, ak sa opytam ako sa citi?

64 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:46,360 (Hovoria Pandzabsky)

65 00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:51,680 Povedal, "Nie je to az take lahke ..." Ano?

66 00:04:51,680 --> 00:04:56,960 Ale chce dokoncit co zacal, a stale este neskoncil. Nejdete to vzdat, ze nie?

67 00:05:02,840 --> 00:05:05,200 Aj ked ma 101 rokov,

68 00:05:05,200 --> 00:05:09,160 Fauja nikdy nebol na ziadnej operacii,

69 00:05:09,160 --> 00:05:13,440 nema ziadne priznaky akejkolvek choroby srdca ...

70 00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:16,320 a neberie ziadne lieky.

71 00:05:20,160 --> 00:05:23,040 Veri, ze za jeho dlhu zivotnost

72 00:05:23,040 --> 00:05:26,240 a jeho neuveritelne zdravie je zodpovedna hlavne jeho strava.

73 00:05:28,480 --> 00:05:30,680 Takze, nejaka specialna dieta?

74 00:05:30,680 --> 00:05:33,200 Nema ziadnu zvlastnu dietu.

75 00:05:33,200 --> 00:05:39,200 Je to jednoducha dieta Punjabskeho farmara , cize len cerstve potraviny,

76 00:05:39,200 --> 00:05:42,080 ale jeho tajomstvom je, ze jedava len mensie porcie. Vazne.

77 00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:45,040 V chudobnych krajinach, ludia umieraju hladom.

78 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:48,600 V bohatych krajinach, ludia umieraju na prejedanie.

79 00:05:48,600 --> 00:05:52,080 Tak, ake velke su jeho porcie , co ja viem, v porovnani s Vami, alebo mnou?

80 00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:55,120 On zje asi tolko co by bola klasicka polovicna porcia,

81 00:05:55,120 --> 00:05:57,640 cize nieco co by sa dalo nazvat detskou porciou.

82 00:05:57,640 --> 00:06:02,000 Cize detska porcia je pravdepodobne asi polovica mnozstva kalorii, ktoru by som ja, ci vy zjedli?

83 00:06:04,840 --> 00:06:08,720 Obmedzenim jeho prijmu jedla tak dramaticky,

84 00:06:08,720 --> 00:06:12,960 Fauja nevedomky testuje teoriu, ktora existuje

85 00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:15,280 skoro tak dlho, ako je sam nazive.

86 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:21,680 Je to vedecka teoria, ktora vsak az teraz naozaj vstupuje do povedomia!

87 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:30,720 Vzal som si autobus az k cielovej ciare.

88 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:33,760 Chcem zachytit ako sa Fauja stane, dufajme,

89 00:06:33,760 --> 00:06:36,960 najstarsim maratonskym bezcom na svete.

90 00:06:44,880 --> 00:06:49,800 A po siedmich hodinach a 49 minutach, uspel.

91 00:06:49,800 --> 00:06:52,920 (Fandenie a potlesk)

92 00:06:55,760 --> 00:06:58,280 Mozem vam pogratulovat?

93 00:07:12,440 --> 00:07:15,960 To je uplne neuveritelne

• Ma 101 rokov

94 00:07:15,960 --> 00:07:19,080 a prave dokoncil 42 kilometrov

95 00:07:19,080 --> 00:07:22,480 Absolutne si neviem predstavit ze taketo nieco by som dokazal za 50 rokov odteraz,

96 00:07:22,480 --> 00:07:24,800 ja asi budem behat akurat tak po nakupnom stredisku,

97 00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:27,200 ale chcel by som byt takym ako je on.

98 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:32,080 Chcem byt dusevne aktivny a fyzicky aktivny, a chcem zostat mladsi co najdlhsiu dobu.

99 00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:45,960 Po desatrocia, timy vedcov po celom svete

100 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:49,000 intenzivne studovali starnutie.

101 00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:55,560 Vcelku jednoznacne, geny hraju dolezitu rolu v tom ako rychlo a ako kvalitne starneme,

102 00:07:55,560 --> 00:07:58,760 ale co sa tyka genov, so svojou situaciou moc spravit nemozete.

103 00:07:58,760 --> 00:08:03,000 Avsak, je tu nieco co mozete urobit, s tym co jete.

104 00:08:06,880 --> 00:08:11,960 A tu v Amerike, sa zacinaju ukazovat vysledky niektorych naozaj pozoruhodne vyskumov

105 00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:14,600 ktore spajaju jedlo s dlhovekostou.

106 00:08:14,600 --> 00:08:20,200 Zda sa, ze to nie je len o tom, co jeme, ale ako a kedy jeme

107 00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:27,480 Nas pribeh zacina v zaprasenych tanierocha a miskach Ameriky pocas 30tich rokov.

108 00:08:27,480 --> 00:08:30,600 Vtedy bolo strasne sucho, jedlo bolo vzacne,

109 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:34,760 a cela krajina bola v pazuroch velkej depresie.

110 00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:37,480 Dokazeme si predstavit, ze asi v tychto tazkych casoch,

111 00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:42,040 priemerna dlzka zivota musela klesat, ale skutocnost je taka, ze naopak rastla.

112 00:08:44,440 --> 00:08:49,600 Pocas najtemnejsich rokov velkej hospodarskej krizy - 1929 az 1933 -

113 00:08:49,600 --> 00:08:53,960 sa priemerna dlzka zivota zvysila o vyznamnych 6 rokov.

114 00:08:59,320 --> 00:09:03,080 Takto povedane, je to nieco prekvapujuce,

115 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:08,760 ale naznaky preco tomu tak je, zacali byt viditelne az z vyskumov situacie v 30tich rokoch.

116 00:09:09,920 --> 00:09:13,320 Odbornici na vyzivu na Cornell Univerzite pracujuci so zvieratami

117 00:09:13,320 --> 00:09:15,720 zistili, ze ak vazne obmedzite

118 00:09:15,720 --> 00:09:20,080 porcie ktore zvierata jedia, tak ziju dlhsie.

119 00:09:20,080 --> 00:09:22,840 Ovela, ovela dlhsie.

120 00:09:25,880 --> 00:09:30,640 Takze dalsia samozrejma otazka je

• Ak spravite to iste s ludmi,

121 00:09:30,640 --> 00:09:33,680 bude to mat rovnake ucinky?

122 00:09:35,640 --> 00:09:39,920 No, je to uz osem desatroci od tohoto pozorovania,

123 00:09:39,920 --> 00:09:43,320 a az teraz vedci zacinaju skutocne rozumiet

124 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:47,360 linke medzi kalorickym obmedzovanim a dlhovekostou u ludi.

125 00:09:47,360 --> 00:09:51,880 Az teraz, sa zda, zaciname dostavat odpovede.

126 00:10:00,920 --> 00:10:06,000 Washington University je srdcom tohto noveho vyskumu.

127 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:09,080 Toto je miesto kde sa prepisuje ludska fyziologia!

128 00:10:09,080 --> 00:10:11,040 Je to uzasne, viete, to ze

129 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:14,920 jednoducha zmena diety moze zmenit v podstate

130 00:10:14,920 --> 00:10:17,840 uplne fungovanie celeho ludskeho tela.

131 00:10:19,720 --> 00:10:24,120 "Profesor Luigi Fontana stravil poslednych desat rokov, studiom skupiny ludi

132 00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:28,520 ktori zavazne obmedzili svoj denny kaloricky prijem.

133 00:10:30,280 --> 00:10:33,400 "A je neuveritelne prekvapeny tym, co zistil. "

134 00:10:34,920 --> 00:10:37,800 Tito ludia su, ako uplne odlisny druh.

135 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:40,240 To je dost velke prehlasenie, nemyslite? Ano!

136 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:45,040 Zistujeme, ze sa budu dozivat dlhsie nez ich rodicia a bratia

137 00:10:45,040 --> 00:10:48,080 ktory su na typickej Americkej strave, alebo typickej zapadnej diete.

138 00:10:53,440 --> 00:10:56,040 "Luigi je jednoznacne ohureny,

139 00:10:56,040 --> 00:11:00,920 "Tak som sa chcel sam stretnut s jednym z tych ludi co oznacil ako uplne iny ludsky druh."

140 00:11:00,920 --> 00:11:04,800 Krasny, naozaj krasny dom. Trafili ste ku mne dobre? V pohode, dobre instrukcie, dakujem.

141 00:11:04,800 --> 00:11:07,280 Joe Cordell je 'CRonie' -

142 00:11:07,280 --> 00:11:10,640 to znamena ze sa kaloricky obmedzuje a prijima len optimalnu vyzivu.

143 00:11:10,640 --> 00:11:14,240 To znamena, ze vela ovocia a zeleniny.

144 00:11:16,280 --> 00:11:18,800 Ja nez ste prisli som viac menej vsetko vylozil

145 00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:22,920 Myslel som si, ze mozno budete chciet nejake ranajky. To by bolo vynikajuce, dakujem.

146 00:11:22,920 --> 00:11:25,120 Ked si predstavujem obmedzenie kalorii,

147 00:11:25,120 --> 00:11:30,120 predstavujem si niekoho, kto zije v podstate na par mrkvach, alebo nieco take.

148 00:11:30,120 --> 00:11:34,160 Nemyslel som si, ze si naozaj date ranajky.

149 00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:37,720 "Joe zacina svoj den s horou ovocia,

150 00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:40,360 "niektore casti vsak vyhadzuje."

151 00:11:41,360 --> 00:11:45,840 Potom chcem pridat nejake jablko, do toho, ale ked ste v mojej pozicii,

152 00:11:45,840 --> 00:11:50,840 chcete dostat co najviac nutricnej hodnoty na celkove mnozstvo kalorii,

153 00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:53,480 a prakticky vsetka nutricna hodnota je v supke jablka.

154 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:56,960 Takze si nastruhate viac menej len supky a zbytok zahodite?

155 00:11:56,960 --> 00:11:59,960 Robite presny opak toho co robi vacsina ludi.

156 00:11:59,960 --> 00:12:04,160 Je to ok, doslova 95% z nutricnej hodnoty je v supke ...

157 00:12:04,160 --> 00:12:07,840 V supke? Ano. Zvysok je viac menej len cukor a kalorie.

158 00:12:07,840 --> 00:12:11,480 To je viac menej to, co jedavam kazde rano. Toto cele?

159 00:12:11,480 --> 00:12:13,080 Ano. To je velka misa.

160 00:12:13,080 --> 00:12:17,360 Zamyslate sa niekedy nad tym, ze, "Co ak toto cele je nezmysel? Co ak to cele robim zle?"

161 00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:22,360 "Robim to 10 az 20 rokov, a zrazu veda objavi nieco co povie

162 00:12:22,360 --> 00:12:25,200 "Toto cele je nezmysel."

163 00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:28,840 Poviem vam, moj brat vazi o 40kg viac ako ja,

164 00:12:28,840 --> 00:12:33,720 je v mojom veku a vzdy si so mna utahuje,

165 00:12:33,720 --> 00:12:36,640 vravi mi casto, ze ma prezije

166 00:12:36,640 --> 00:12:39,280 a podla jeho nazoru, trpim uplne zbytocne.

167 00:12:39,280 --> 00:12:41,360 Ale ide o to, ze ja to co robim, robim rad.

168 00:12:41,360 --> 00:12:44,000 Zdravy zivotny styl moze byt zabava.

169 00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:49,080 "Momentalne sa odhaduje ze na celom svete je asi 100 tisic Cronies ako Joe -

170 00:12:49,080 --> 00:12:53,680 "ludi zijuci na diete ktora je bohata na ziviny"

171 00:12:53,680 --> 00:12:55,520

• ale s nizkym obsahom kalorii.

172 00:12:55,520 --> 00:12:59,080 "Joe podla mna vyzera fit, ale nie je nejak vyzorovo posobivo mlady.

173 00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:02,160 Mozno to Luigi trosku prehana."

174 00:13:02,160 --> 00:13:05,480 Co by som chcel spravit, je zobrat nas oboch a spravit zopar testov.

175 00:13:05,480 --> 00:13:07,120 Chcem vidiet, ako sa s nim zrovnavam.

176 00:13:07,120 --> 00:13:11,120 OK, som za. Takze, ideme na to?

177 00:13:11,120 --> 00:13:16,040 To je skutocne vyzva,... sutaz ktoru mam podozrenie, asi prehram!

178 00:13:20,040 --> 00:13:25,360 Za poslednych desat rokov, Joe jedol maximalne 1900 kalorii denne.

179 00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:28,720 Ja jem priemerne okolo 2300,

180 00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:31,560 vela z toho su vsak sisky a hamburgery.

181 00:13:31,560 --> 00:13:33,880 Kolko si myslite, ze vazite?

182 00:13:33,880 --> 00:13:37,640 Pravdepodobne okolo 82kg. Ooo, viac ako 82kg!

183 00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:39,280 Nadychnite sa!

184 00:13:39,280 --> 00:13:44,000 Mal by som mat okolo 59, 60, 61kg.

185 00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:46,480 Musime to posunut smerom nadol o jeden stupen.

186 00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:49,120 60kg. Presne ste to trafili.

187 00:13:51,240 --> 00:13:55,320 Sme obaja vyse 50tky, ale naozaj si nemyslim, ze

188 00:13:55,320 --> 00:13:58,680 vyzerame ako odlisna generacia, nie to este, ako odlisny ludsky druh.

189 00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:01,520 Tak ako sa lisime?

190 00:14:01,520 --> 00:14:05,280 Potrebujem aby ste teraz trosku relaxovali. Sadnite si, a chvilku pocuvajte.

191 00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:12,880 Niektore z najjednoduchsich sposobov posudenia starnutia nevyzaduju potrebne specialne vybavenie.

192 00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:14,240 Oh, toto zacina byt dobre.

193 00:14:14,240 --> 00:14:17,040 Balance je udrziavany vnutornym uchom.

194 00:14:21,560 --> 00:14:24,600 "Ako starnete, usne struktury sa zhorsuju

195 00:14:24,600 --> 00:14:27,120 a vas balance sa tak isto zhorsi."

196 00:14:27,120 --> 00:14:30,920 Este raz. "Mozete sa otestovat tym, ze budete stat na svojej slabsiej nohe

197 00:14:30,920 --> 00:14:32,720 So zavretymi ocami."

198 00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:36,360 Ako dlho som urobil? 6.59 sekund. To nie je moc dobre.

199 00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:38,360 "To nie je vobec dobre.

200 00:14:38,360 --> 00:14:41,920 "Priemerny 55-rocny clovek musi vydrzat aspon 8 sekund. "

201 00:14:41,920 --> 00:14:43,760 Si uz na ...

202 00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:47,720 Vysledok mas tak dobry ako priemerny 20 rocny mladik.

203 00:14:47,720 --> 00:14:50,400 Okolo 30 sekund je to, co maximalne zvladnu 20 rocny,

204 00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:52,960 a to je len jedna z tych zrucnosti co dramaticky klesaju umerne s vekom.

205 00:14:52,960 --> 00:14:56,680 Myslim, ze ste mi ukazali pointu. Stop. Mozete prestat, ano.

206 00:14:58,720 --> 00:15:03,040 "Dalsi dobry test je reakcny cas, ktory tiez klesa s vekom. "

207 00:15:03,040 --> 00:15:04,840 To nie je moc dobre. Ledva osem centimetrov.

208 00:15:04,840 --> 00:15:07,600 "Na tento test potrebuje len pravitko.

209 00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:11,320 "Vo vasom veku, a dobrom zdravi, by ste mali byt schopni chytat pravitko okolo 12cm znacky. "

210 00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:16,680 Velmi dobre. To bolo 11cm. Dari sa vam velmi dobre, musim uznat.

211 00:15:21,480 --> 00:15:25,120 Luigiho metody su viac vedecke.

212 00:15:25,120 --> 00:15:28,600 Urobili sme mnozstvo lekarskych testov,

213 00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:30,920 vratane vysetrenia krvi.

214 00:15:30,920 --> 00:15:34,680 Teraz, nam ide ukazat nase vysledky.

215 00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:37,800 Pocit, ako by ste sedeli pred riaditelnov, ze?

216 00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:39,200 Cakanie na vysledky.

217 00:15:39,200 --> 00:15:43,160 Dostanem jednotku? Ci dvojku, alebo az trojku?

218 00:15:43,160 --> 00:15:45,080 "Luigiho tvar mi hovori, ze

219 00:15:45,080 --> 00:15:48,480 to, co budem teraz pocut, nebude dobra sprava. "

220 00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:53,600 Celkovy telesny tuk u Joa je 11,5%.

221 00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:57,640 To je typicke pre super sportovcov.

222 00:15:57,640 --> 00:16:01,000 11% telesneho tuku je velmi nizke

223 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:04,720 pre 54 az 55-rocneho muza.

224 00:16:04,720 --> 00:16:07,360 Vas tuk je presne 27,1%.

225 00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:09,240 Vyse tretina vasho tela je tuk.

226 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:13,280 Dakujem ... ze ste to tak zdoraznili!

227 00:16:13,280 --> 00:16:17,640 "A este stale neskoncil o mojom tuku. "

228 00:16:17,640 --> 00:16:19,720 Brusny tuk je okolo 30%.

229 00:16:19,720 --> 00:16:23,760 Brusny tuk je naozaj zly.

230 00:16:23,760 --> 00:16:26,480 Cim vyssia hladina brusneho tuku, tym vyssie je riziko

231 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:29,560 rozvoja cukrovky 2. typu, a kardiovaskularnych ochoreni.

232 00:16:29,560 --> 00:16:32,680 Nie je pochyb, ze to je tiez rizikovy faktor pre rakovinu.

233 00:16:33,880 --> 00:16:37,920 Takze, v podstate, vas kardio-metabolicky profil,

234 00:16:37,920 --> 00:16:39,920 nie je dobry. Na vas vek.

235 00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:42,400 Myslim, ze by ste mali nieco urobit, nieco co najskor zmenit.

236 00:16:42,400 --> 00:16:44,800 Co mozem povedat tu, je, ze Joseph

237 00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:48,280 nebude trpiet na ziadne kardiovaskularne ochorenie.

238 00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:50,480 Pre neho je uplne nemozne aby mal mozgovu prihodu,

239 00:16:50,480 --> 00:16:53,080 infarkt myokardu alebo srdcove zlyhanie.

240 00:16:53,080 --> 00:16:56,080 A zrovna tieto tri choroby su zodpovedne

241 00:16:56,080 --> 00:16:58,960 za 40% vsetkych umrti v USA a Velkej Britanii.

242 00:16:58,960 --> 00:17:02,280 Ziadna sanca, ze zomrie na cosi take? Myslim, ze ma sancu tak jednu z miliona.

243 00:17:02,280 --> 00:17:06,040 A keby som presiel na jeho zivotny styl...?

244 00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:08,560 Do roka, budete vylieceny.

245 00:17:12,360 --> 00:17:16,040 Az teraz som pochopil, o com Luigi hovoril.

246 00:17:16,040 --> 00:17:20,600 Je to, ako by sme boli dva rozne ludske druhy.

247 00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:24,600 Joeova strava udrzuje jeho organy v perfektnom stave.

248 00:17:24,600 --> 00:17:28,080 Zatial co moja dieta ohrozuje moje zdravie, a to velmi rapidne.

249 00:17:30,480 --> 00:17:34,840 No, toto bolo velmi alarmujuce. Luigi sa tiez moc nevyberal slovami.

250 00:17:34,840 --> 00:17:36,920 Hovoril o brusnom tuku.

251 00:17:36,920 --> 00:17:39,440 V skutocnosti, hovoril hodne zrovna o mojom brusneho tuku.

252 00:17:39,440 --> 00:17:42,160 Nikdy som o sebe neuvazoval ako o niekom viac menej zlozenom z tuku.

253 00:17:42,160 --> 00:17:45,120 Ale to boli vlastne dve vizie ktore mi boli ukazane.

254 00:17:45,120 --> 00:17:48,240 Na jednej strane, smer ktorym budem pokracovat ak nic nezmenim...

255 00:17:48,240 --> 00:17:53,000 Smerujem celkom zaiste smerom k srdcovej chorobe, alebo niecomu este horsiemu.

256 00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:57,720 Na druhej strane je, co ak by som vyskusal kaloricke obmedzovanie - post?

257 00:17:57,720 --> 00:18:01,960 Povedal, ze by som mohol byt uplne vylieceny do roka.

258 00:18:01,960 --> 00:18:06,160 Moje rizikove faktory by sa mohli zmenit z tych co ma spravia

259 00:18:06,160 --> 00:18:08,520 asi obetou srdcoveho infarktu,

260 00:18:08,520 --> 00:18:10,360 na sancu takeho niecoho - jedna k milionu.

261 00:18:10,360 --> 00:18:15,400 Ked si to poviete takto z ostra, clovek zacne o tom hodne premyslat.

262 00:18:31,160 --> 00:18:35,920 Aj ked dokazy podporujuce vyhody kalorickej restrikcie

263 00:18:35,920 --> 00:18:38,800 su silnejsie kazdym dnom,

264 00:18:38,800 --> 00:18:42,640 nemozem si vo vsetkej uprimnosti predstavit ze by som robil nieco take, ako to co robi Joe.

265 00:18:45,080 --> 00:18:48,080 Co vo mne vytvara vcelku velku dilemu.

266 00:18:50,080 --> 00:18:53,480 Co naozaj chcem spravit, je sa pokusit

267 00:18:53,480 --> 00:18:57,880 pochopit sposob akym kaloricke obmedzenie funguje,

268 00:18:57,880 --> 00:19:01,240 potom nejak z toho dostat vsetky vyhody

269 00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:03,960 a cele to spravit tak, aby som vlastne moc nemusel robit.

270 00:19:03,960 --> 00:19:05,560 Som v Los Angeles,

271 00:19:05,560 --> 00:19:09,400 v meste co je zname svojou honbou za mladostou.

272 00:19:09,400 --> 00:19:12,280 V skutocnosti, mnoho ludi si tu mysli,

273 00:19:12,280 --> 00:19:15,520 ze starnutie a vrasky su niecim volitelnym.

274 00:19:15,520 --> 00:19:19,360 Nejdem ale vyhladat nieco tak povrchneho ako je plasticky chirurg.

275 00:19:19,360 --> 00:19:23,280 Som tu aby som sa stretol s jednym z najvacsich odbornikov na starnutie.

276 00:19:31,640 --> 00:19:34,280 Dobry den. Dobry den.

277 00:19:34,280 --> 00:19:39,400 Profesor Valter Longo studuje zlozite mechanizmy, ktore kontroluju starnutie.

278 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:47,120 Vedie vyskum o kritickych cestach co linkuju ako a co jeme, s tym ako starneme.

279 00:19:49,400 --> 00:19:52,360 Berie ma, aby som sa pozrel na dve specielne mysi.

280 00:19:52,360 --> 00:19:58,160 Obe su rovnakeho veku, rovnakeho druhu a rovnakeho pohlavia.

281 00:19:58,160 --> 00:20:02,040 Ale je medzi nimi jeden vyznamny rozdiel.

282 00:20:02,040 --> 00:20:06,040 Ta mala myska bude zit ovela ovela dlhsie

283 00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:08,120 nez ta velka.

284 00:20:11,320 --> 00:20:13,560 Tato myska tu

285 00:20:13,560 --> 00:20:17,720 drzi svetovy rekord v predlzeni veku u cicavcov.

286 00:20:17,720 --> 00:20:19,920 Oh, naozaj. To je pozoruhodne.

287 00:20:19,920 --> 00:20:22,840 Tak, ako dlho tento poddruh mysky vydrzi?

288 00:20:22,840 --> 00:20:25,560 Tato velka mys sa dozije asi dva roky,

289 00:20:25,560 --> 00:20:28,480 a tato mala myska tu, sa dozije asi o 40% dlhsie.

290 00:20:28,480 --> 00:20:30,880 Vazne. Su tak velmi odlisne?

291 00:20:30,880 --> 00:20:33,120 Whoa! Snazi sa ma uhryznut.

292 00:20:33,120 --> 00:20:35,600 (Smiech)

293 00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:40,120 Citil som, ako presiel zub cez rukavicu. Mali by sme si dat dvojite rukavice.

294 00:20:40,120 --> 00:20:43,360 Ano, naucil som sa to na vlastnej kozi!

295 00:20:43,360 --> 00:20:46,400 Ta velka mys ma uz teraz 50% pravdepodobnost, ze onedhlo bude mrtva.

296 00:20:46,400 --> 00:20:48,560 OK, takze sa jej dari vcelku dobre, ak je este stale nazive?

297 00:20:48,560 --> 00:20:51,000 Ma stastie, ze je nazive, to je pravda.

298 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:54,680 Ta mala ma pred sebou naopak este najmenej dalsi rok zivota. O, dobre.

299 00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:57,640 Ta mala myska bude zit asi ekvivalent toho, co by bolo 120 rokov u cloveka?

300 00:20:57,640 --> 00:21:02,680 Presne tak, v prepocte akoby dalsich 30 az do 40 rokov, v ludskych rokoch.

301 00:21:02,680 --> 00:21:06,920 Mozem si ju zdvihnut? Jasne , za chvost. OK.

302 00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:11,680 Mala myska co drzim

303 00:21:11,680 --> 00:21:15,160 je vlastne umely vytvor.

304 00:21:15,160 --> 00:21:18,520 Dovod, preco je taka mala a tak dlho zije

305 00:21:18,520 --> 00:21:21,720 je v tom, ze je geneticky modifikovana.

306 00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:26,000 Ma neuveritelne nizku hladinu rastoveho hormonu

307 00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:29,080 takzvaneho inzulin rastoveho faktoru 1, alebo IGF-1.

308 00:21:29,080 --> 00:21:32,240 A zda sa, ze IGF-1 je klucovym faktorom

309 00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:35,760 spajajucim obmedzenie kalorii s dlhovekostou.

310 00:21:42,080 --> 00:21:46,240 Naznaky toho preco tomu tak je, sme zistili pozorovanim skupiny ludi

311 00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:48,880 zijucich v odlahlej oblasti Ekvadoru.

312 00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:54,760 Maju velmi zriedkavy stav, tzv. Laronov syndrom,

313 00:21:54,760 --> 00:21:58,960 ktory postihuje menej ako 350 ludi na celom svete.

314 00:22:03,360 --> 00:22:05,960 To ste vy, ze ano? Na tej fotke vyzerate ako obor, ze?

315 00:22:05,960 --> 00:22:08,600 Medzi nimi som vzdy ten najvyssi.

316 00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:13,120 Najmensi z nich je len nieco malo cez meter vysoky.

317 00:22:13,120 --> 00:22:15,160 Tak to je zhruba vo vyske pupku. Je to pravda? Ano.

318 00:22:15,160 --> 00:22:20,840 "Co zaujma vedcov ako Valter vsak nie je ich velkost,

319 00:22:20,840 --> 00:22:25,960 , ale skutocnost, ze sa zdaju byt prakticky imunny na dvoch z najvacsich zabijakov zapadnej spolocnosti."

320 00:22:25,960 --> 00:22:27,680 Velkym objavom pre nas bolo, ,

321 00:22:27,680 --> 00:22:31,160 ze, tato skupina netrpi ci uz cukrovkou alebo rakovinu.

322 00:22:31,160 --> 00:22:33,720 Robia vsetko normalne, presne tak ako to robi vela z nas,

323 00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:37,160 piju, fajcia, a tak? Ano, robia vsetko normalne, a aj viac,

324 00:22:37,160 --> 00:22:39,760 a vedu vela krat velmi nezdravy zivotny styl.

325 00:22:39,760 --> 00:22:43,720 Vacsina z nich trpi v urcitom rozsahu nadvahou.

326 00:22:43,720 --> 00:22:46,520 Zda sa, ze naozaj sa nedivaju a nesleduju to co robia.

327 00:22:46,520 --> 00:22:49,640 Fajcia a jedia velmi vysoko kaloricku stravu,

328 00:22:49,640 --> 00:22:53,440 a potom sa na mna pozru a povedia,

329 00:22:53,440 --> 00:22:55,080 "Ale co, to nevadi. Ved som imunny."

330 00:22:55,080 --> 00:22:59,480 Co je neuveritelne je, ze neexistuje ziadna evidencia

331 00:22:59,480 --> 00:23:02,920 ze by co len jeden z nich niekedy umrel na rakovinu,

332 00:23:02,920 --> 00:23:06,640 zatial co vsak ich normalny vysoky pribuzny dostanu rakovinu ako vacsina z nas.

333 00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:13,000 Ludia s Laronovym syndromom maju geneticku mutaciu, ktora ich robi malymi,

334 00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:17,280 ale ktora ich ochranuje proti skoro vsetkym ochoreniam.

335 00:23:19,320 --> 00:23:21,440 Je to neuveritelne, pracovat s nimi.

336 00:23:23,640 --> 00:23:29,120 Je to dobra skupina, a samozrejme pre nas je to skupina, ktora nam vdaka jednej mutacii,

337 00:23:29,120 --> 00:23:33,480 moze povedat hodne o cukrovke, rakovine, kardiovaskularnych ochorenia a starnuti.

338 00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:40,440 Ekvadorsky dedincania a dlho zijuce mysi

339 00:23:40,440 --> 00:23:42,720 maju nieco spolocne.

340 00:23:42,720 --> 00:23:46,240 Ich telo produkuje vynimocne nizke urovne

341 00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:48,080 rastoveho hormonu IGF-1.

342 00:23:50,520 --> 00:23:56,440 Tento objav pomohol Valterovi dat si dokopy suvis uloh, ake ma IGF-1

343 00:23:56,440 --> 00:23:59,400 v zlozitom procese starnutia.

344 00:23:59,400 --> 00:24:02,800 Nase tela su zvycajne v rezime rychlo-rychlo -

345 00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:07,560 bunky su neustale pohanane IGF-1 aby sa delili.

346 00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,400 Ale ked hladina IGF-1 poklesne,

347 00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:14,080 nase bunky sa presunu do uplne odlisneho rezimu.

348 00:24:14,080 --> 00:24:17,480 Telo zacne spomalovat tvorbu novych buniek

349 00:24:17,480 --> 00:24:20,800 a zacne opravovat existujuce bunky.

350 00:24:20,800 --> 00:24:25,520 Poskodena DNA sa zacne opravovat.

351 00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:29,480 A to je to, preco su mysi a tiez dedincania takto chraneny

352 00:24:29,480 --> 00:24:31,600 od veku pribuznych chorob.

353 00:24:40,480 --> 00:24:44,160 Ale ake je tu suvislost s kalorikym obmedzovanim u ludi?

354 00:24:44,160 --> 00:24:49,960 Valter postavil velmi jednoduchu, velmi Californsku analogiu.

355 00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:55,040 Ukazuje sa, ze je nieco v potravinach, ktore jeme

356 00:24:55,040 --> 00:24:59,280 nieco co ovplyvnuje, ako vela IGF-1 nase telo bude produkovat.

357 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:01,880 Tym niecim su bielkoviny: Protein.

358 00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:07,800 Ked jeme vela bielkovin, nase bunky doslova zostavaju zamknute v rychlo-rychlo rezime.

359 00:25:07,800 --> 00:25:10,920 Takze je to v podstate ako keby ste dali nohu na plyn,

360 00:25:10,920 --> 00:25:13,320 a prikazal: "Ideme! Ideme! Rychlo!" Je to tak? Presne tak.

361 00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:17,000 Je to nieco co tlaci bunku aby spalovala co najviac paliva.

362 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,000 V rychlo-rychlo rezime,

363 00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:22,800 je telo nachylnejsie na niektore druhy rakoviny a cukrovky,

364 00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:25,120 viac menej preto, ze vase bunky rastu prilis rychlo

365 00:25:25,120 --> 00:25:27,440 na to aby ich telo dokazalo efektivne opravovat.

366 00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:30,760 Takze je to ako neustala jazda autom

367 00:25:30,760 --> 00:25:32,560 bez toho aby ste ho niekedy vzali k mechanikovi.

368 00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:36,160 Dobre, takze to bude to, v podstate, nejako najst sposob, ako

369 00:25:36,160 --> 00:25:39,120 prepnut telo z neustaleho "Brm, brm, brm,"

370 00:25:39,120 --> 00:25:44,080 do opravneho rezimu, "Vypni na chvilu , skus mi opravit moju DNA." Presne tak!

371 00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:49,400 Takze, ako mam ale znizit hladinu mojho IGF-1?

372 00:25:50,520 --> 00:25:54,560 No, studie o kalorickom obmedzovani navrhuju, ze jest menej velmi pomaha,

373 00:25:54,560 --> 00:25:55,960 ale samo o sebe to nestaci.

374 00:25:57,040 --> 00:26:01,280 Nie len obmedzenie kalorii, ale musi sa tiez vyznamne obmedzit prijem bielkovin.

375 00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:05,640 Nie uplne

• to by bol velmi zly napad.

376 00:26:05,640 --> 00:26:08,520 Je to o tom udrzat sa v urcitych medziach,

377 00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:11,800 nieco, co vacsina z nas nerobi.

378 00:26:11,800 --> 00:26:15,840 A naozaj nemusite byt CRonie na to aby ste znizili IGF-1!

379 00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:18,840 Existuje iny sposob,a to: Post.

380 00:26:18,840 --> 00:26:25,560 Pocas postu, nastava daleko dramatickejsia a ovela rychlejsia odozva,

381 00:26:25,560 --> 00:26:30,880 a to uz po 24 hodinach nejedenia, sa znizi hladina glukozy

382 00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:35,480 a potom sa ako odozva tiez znizi hladina rastoveho faktoru, ktorym je IGF-1.

383 00:26:38,360 --> 00:26:42,960 Pre mna je velmi tazko uverit, ze len par dni postu

384 00:26:42,960 --> 00:26:47,480 by malo nakopnut moje telo do uplne ineho, zdraveho stavu.

385 00:26:49,200 --> 00:26:53,720 Ale rozhodne ma to zaujalo, a tak sa chcem dozvediet viac.

386 00:26:53,720 --> 00:26:56,360 Tak som si dal zmerat svoj IGF v Londyne,

387 00:26:56,360 --> 00:26:59,200 a povedali mi, ze je to presne 28.

388 00:26:59,200 --> 00:27:01,200 Je to dobre? Ci zle?

389 00:27:01,200 --> 00:27:05,160 No nie je to zle, ale je to stale dost vysoke...

390 00:27:05,160 --> 00:27:09,160 Na zaklade viacerych studii, vratane tej nasej,

391 00:27:09,160 --> 00:27:14,480 vas toto cislo posuva do vyssej kategorie rizika pre niekolko roznych druhov rakoviny,

392 00:27:14,480 --> 00:27:16,840 vratane rakoviny prostaty.

393 00:27:16,840 --> 00:27:21,320 Valter sa domnieva, by som mal vidiet pomerne posobive vysledky

394 00:27:21,320 --> 00:27:25,400 uz po zhruba troch dnoch a styroch nociach postu.

395 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:27,680 Ale je to sklucujuca vyhliadka.

396 00:27:29,040 --> 00:27:32,080 Myslim, ze drzat post je tazke, ze? Uz ste to niekedy robili?

397 00:27:32,080 --> 00:27:34,280 Ano, skusil som to,

398 00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:38,280 postil som sa po styri dni uz niekolkokrat

399 00:27:38,280 --> 00:27:39,920 a pre mna sameho to bolo dost tazke, ano.

400 00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:43,360 Ale robim to stale,... avsak ked sa pozeram dopredu na prichadzajuci post,

401 00:27:43,360 --> 00:27:46,800 stale to vidim ako styri dni, na ktore sa moc netesim.

402 00:27:46,800 --> 00:27:48,920 Niektori ludia sa na to tesia, ale ja nie.

403 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:52,600 Som Talian, takze sa tesim na to kedy sa zase dobre najem, to viete.

404 00:27:52,600 --> 00:27:55,200 Budem si vas obraz drzat v mysli...

405 00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:58,240 Ako sa nenasytny talian zdrzal jedenia. Pripomeniem si to ked sa budem citit slaby.

406 00:27:58,240 --> 00:27:59,440 To je ono. Dakujem.

407 00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:11,480 Dlhsi post moze byt nebezpecny

408 00:28:11,480 --> 00:28:15,080 a Valter si mysli, ze by to mali robit len ludia v dobrom zdravotnom stave

409 00:28:15,080 --> 00:28:18,240 a pokial mozno, pod starostlivym dohladom.

410 00:28:18,240 --> 00:28:20,120 Takze sme sa dohodli, ze bude na mna dohliadat.

411 00:28:21,760 --> 00:28:26,360 OK, rozhodol som sa, ze idem ten post teda vyskusat,

412 00:28:26,360 --> 00:28:29,280 a bude to presne tri a pol dnovy post

413 00:28:29,280 --> 00:28:35,120 a jedine co mozem mat je vela vody a cierny caj

414 00:28:35,120 --> 00:28:39,520 a jednu 50-kaloriovu polievku za den.

415 00:28:39,520 --> 00:28:44,680 A ide sa na to ... O Boze, nikdy som nic podobne este nespravil,

416 00:28:44,680 --> 00:28:46,920 tak si predstavujem, ze to bude pre mna naozaj tazke.

417 00:28:46,920 --> 00:28:49,000 Ale som na to zvedavy.

418 00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:52,640 Tiez, musim priznat, ze som docela znepokojeny niektorymi

419 00:28:52,640 --> 00:28:55,880 zlymi spravami o mojom zdravi , spravy ktore som v poslednom case dost dostaval,

420 00:28:55,880 --> 00:29:01,960 takze, hm ... je to pre mna vyzva, ale som si isty, ze to nejak zvladnem.

421 00:29:03,360 --> 00:29:05,720 Viac menej isty,.

422 00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:10,920 A tak, moj post zacina!

423 00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:22,600 No. Teraz je presne 22:30 v noci a mam hlad.

424 00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:29,120 Je to dokopy asi len 25 hodin, co som naposledy nieco jedol

425 00:29:29,120 --> 00:29:35,360 a perspektiva toho ze pojdem do postele zatial co som hladny mi nerobi vobec dobre.

426 00:29:36,960 --> 00:29:39,680 Myslim ze ma to dostava, pretoze minulu noc som mal sen

427 00:29:39,680 --> 00:29:44,080 o tom ako som zjedol sendvic a potom som sa citil hrozne previnilo.

428 00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:47,960 Bol to tak zivy sen, ze som sa po zobudeni obzeral ci niesu nejake omrvinky na posteli,... ale bohuzial neboli.

429 00:29:47,960 --> 00:29:50,440 Myslim, ze je cas ist do prace.

430 00:29:53,480 --> 00:29:56,240 Jednoduche dietne opatrenia

431 00:29:56,240 --> 00:29:59,120 mozu naozaj zmenit ako funguje ludske telo.

432 00:29:59,120 --> 00:30:01,600 Toto vas dava do vyssej rizikovej kategorie.

433 00:30:04,440 --> 00:30:08,920 Tak ako ma Valter varoval, Prvy den bol naozaj tazky.

434 00:30:08,920 --> 00:30:11,520 Nie tak celkom, preto ze som mal hlad,

435 00:30:11,520 --> 00:30:15,880 ale jednoducho preto, ze som este nikdy nic take predtym nerobil.

436 00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:18,880 Bol to strach z neznameho.

437 00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:22,720 Po zotmeni, zacinam mat dojem ze to cele bol jeden velmi zly napad ...

438 00:30:25,400 --> 00:30:28,280 .. zvlast, po tom, ako som mal veceru s nasim filmovym stabom.

439 00:30:33,600 --> 00:30:36,120 Alebo lepsie povedane, po tom co oni mali veceru.

440 00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:41,720 Takze, ano, som v krasnej starej korejskej restauracii

441 00:30:41,720 --> 00:30:45,200 s celou nasou posadkou.

442 00:30:45,200 --> 00:30:48,240 A ako vidite, v sucasnej dobe sa pekne napchavaju..

443 00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:50,440 Chuti vam, chlapci?

444 00:30:50,440 --> 00:30:51,680 Je to vyborne. Ano.

445 00:30:51,680 --> 00:30:56,560 Naozaj to dobre vonia. Naozaj, ale naozaj by mi nevadilo trosku si zahryznut.

446 00:30:59,480 --> 00:31:02,080 Citim velky hlad.

447 00:31:03,760 --> 00:31:08,720 Nastastie, moja vecera uz na mna caka v hotelovej izbe.

448 00:31:13,080 --> 00:31:15,880 Musel som odist, nemohol som sa na to uz dlhsie divat.

449 00:31:22,360 --> 00:31:26,440 (Vzdych) Moja vynikajuca miso polievka je tu.

450 00:31:26,440 --> 00:31:29,280 Trosku si ju zamiesam hotelovym perom,

451 00:31:29,280 --> 00:31:31,680 pretoze som tu nenasiel ziadny pribor.

452 00:31:33,240 --> 00:31:34,960 Hmmmm!

453 00:31:36,280 --> 00:31:38,960 Zdravie. Celych jeho 25 kalorii.

454 00:31:38,960 --> 00:31:40,960 A jak sa na to tesim.

455 00:31:44,400 --> 00:31:46,440 Oh!

456 00:31:48,160 --> 00:31:52,160 OK, v konecne nejaka zmena v celom dni postu.

457 00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:54,440 Chutne ranajky, cierny caj.

458 00:31:54,440 --> 00:31:58,200 Citim sa trochu na omdletie ale inak som vlastne v poriadku.

459 00:31:58,200 --> 00:32:00,160 Takze, uz je len 24 hodin predomnou

460 00:32:00,160 --> 00:32:03,440 a teraz uz som si isty za to nejak dokazem vydrzat.

461 00:32:11,760 --> 00:32:15,120 Zistil som jednu vec, ze hlad nenarasta umerne casu,

462 00:32:15,120 --> 00:32:16,880 ale prichadza vo vlnach, ktore vzdy prejdu.

463 00:32:18,200 --> 00:32:21,760 V tomto bode, uz moje telo vycerpalo vsetky zasoby glukozy

464 00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:26,200 a presiel som na spalovanie tukov ako hlavneho zdroja energie.

465 00:32:26,200 --> 00:32:27,960 A ak ma Valter pravdu,

466 00:32:27,960 --> 00:32:33,000 moja pecen by mala tiez uz prestat vyrabat tolko IGF-1,

467 00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:36,040 a zaviest moje bunky do opravneho rezimu.

468 00:32:39,680 --> 00:32:44,600 Konecne, je 7 hodin rano, stvrty den, Idem si dat spravit krvny test.

469 00:32:45,600 --> 00:32:49,440 Takze, po tomto, sa mozem ist naranajkovat? Absolutne!

470 00:32:49,440 --> 00:32:51,560 Prve jedlo po troch a pol dnoch,

471 00:32:51,560 --> 00:32:55,760 prve jedlo za 86 hodin. No, kto by to pocital (?)

472 00:32:55,760 --> 00:32:58,640 Ja len dufam, ze sa ukazu nejake zmeny,

473 00:32:58,640 --> 00:33:02,120 hlavne co sa tyka mojho IGF, pretoze ak som stravil tri a pol dna

474 00:33:02,120 --> 00:33:05,440 az skoro styri dni nejedenim a vysledky by boli uplne nulove,

475 00:33:05,440 --> 00:33:07,760 to by bolo pre mna velmi depresivne.

476 00:33:09,800 --> 00:33:13,360 Post sa skoncil.

477 00:33:13,360 --> 00:33:16,720 Mmm. Ah! To je velmi ...

478 00:33:16,720 --> 00:33:19,400 Uplne citim ako sa mi zacinaju vyplnat vsetky prazdne miesta.

479 00:33:19,400 --> 00:33:23,360 Vlasne som ani nebol az tak hrozne hladny ked som sa dnes rano prebudil, ale ...

480 00:33:25,840 --> 00:33:28,960 .. ked som zacal jest, az potom som si uvedomit, co to bolo, co mi tak chybalo.

481 00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:37,800 Neskor popoludni, sa stretnem s Valterom aby som zistil

482 00:33:37,800 --> 00:33:39,600 ci toto vsetko bolo na nieco dobre.

483 00:33:41,120 --> 00:33:44,960 Dnes rano som skoncil post, a mal som zemiakovu kasu a slaninku

484 00:33:44,960 --> 00:33:47,600 a citim sa lepsie. Oh, velmi dobre.

485 00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:50,960 A budem sa citit este lepsie ak sa ukaze, ze mam dobre vysledky.

486 00:33:50,960 --> 00:33:53,640 Ano, tak podme sa na ne pozriet.

487 00:33:53,640 --> 00:33:58,240 Takze, vas inzulin rastovy factor jedna, cize IGF-1,... toto je bezna hodnota.

488 00:33:58,240 --> 00:34:01,640 Wow. Zlou spravou je, ze ste takmer v hornej casti normalneho rozmedzia.

489 00:34:01,640 --> 00:34:03,760 Ale na americke normy, ste na tom vcelku dobre.

490 00:34:03,760 --> 00:34:07,440 Nie najlepsie, ale tiez nie uplne zle. Som ako priemerny American, ze?

491 00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:10,520 To je pravda, ano. Ale dobra sprava je,

492 00:34:10,520 --> 00:34:13,880 ze vdaka hladovke, ste spadli na takmer polovicnu hodnotu. Wow.

493 00:34:13,880 --> 00:34:16,480 To je vela, nie? Ano. To je velky pokles.

494 00:34:16,480 --> 00:34:18,960 Je to velmi dramaticky pokles, cize na hladovku reagujete velmi dobre.

495 00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:20,960 Musim povedat, toto bolo fascinujuce.

496 00:34:20,960 --> 00:34:25,400 Zazit to bolo velmi, velmi ... no, prekvapujuce.

497 00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:28,320 "Prekvapujuci vysledok

• A obrovska ulava.

498 00:34:28,320 --> 00:34:32,360 "Znizenie mojho IGF-1 by malo znizit moje riziko niektorych druhov rakoviny,

499 00:34:32,360 --> 00:34:34,920 "Ako je rakovina prostaty, ktoru mal aj moj otec.

500 00:34:34,920 --> 00:34:37,880 "Moja hladinu cukru v krvi mi tiez klesla na zdravu uroven,

501 00:34:37,880 --> 00:34:39,760 , z coho som naozaj moc poteseny."

502 00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:47,840 Vyzyvam Vas najst absolutne cokolvek co by za styri dni dosiahlo podobne extremne metabolicke zmeny

503 00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:50,160 ako su tieto, nech to je naozaj cokolvek.

504 00:34:50,160 --> 00:34:52,800 Myslim, ze toto je uz teraz velmi extremne! Ano.

505 00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:55,800 Ano, ale ak viete o niecom, inom co mozete urobit,

506 00:34:55,800 --> 00:34:58,280 co vam neublizi a bude mat vyhody,

507 00:34:58,280 --> 00:35:01,800 co sposobuju taketo zmeny, rad by som o tom vedel. OK.

508 00:35:05,520 --> 00:35:08,280 Ale Valter hovori, ze ak neprejdem

509 00:35:08,280 --> 00:35:11,480 na nizko bielkovinovu, viac vegetariansku dietu,

510 00:35:11,480 --> 00:35:14,080 ucinky nevydrzia.

511 00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:18,720 Budem musiet drzat post aspon raz za kazdych par mesiacov,

512 00:35:18,720 --> 00:35:21,920 aby sa zachovali vyhody.

513 00:35:21,920 --> 00:35:25,560 Mozem skutocne vidiet sam seba nieco taketo robit?

514 00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:27,720 Musite urobit rozhodnutie vo vasom pripade,

515 00:35:27,720 --> 00:35:29,240 vieco co chcete urobit?

516 00:35:29,240 --> 00:35:32,240 Je vela liekov co by ste mohli uzivat,

517 00:35:32,240 --> 00:35:34,000 ale je to presne to, co chcete urobit?

518 00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:39,200 A ak tak urobite, za niekolko rokov, alebo v niekolkych rokoch,

519 00:35:39,200 --> 00:35:43,080 budete typickym 65-rocnym europanom

520 00:35:43,080 --> 00:35:47,120 co berie 8 roznych liekov denne, a tak, aj to je vasa moznost.

521 00:35:47,120 --> 00:35:50,200 (MICHAEL sa smeje) A tak to je na Vas.

522 00:35:50,200 --> 00:35:54,320 Dakujem, OK! Tak to je celkom zaujimava volba!

523 00:36:01,440 --> 00:36:04,360 To je naozaj, ale naozaj impozantne,

524 00:36:04,360 --> 00:36:06,400 ze len za tri a pol dna,

525 00:36:06,400 --> 00:36:09,160 ak su tie vysledky spravne, a ak su vysledky na zvieratach spravne,

526 00:36:09,160 --> 00:36:12,160 som si takto masivne znizil riziko

527 00:36:12,160 --> 00:36:16,280 celej rady veku-pribuznych chorob.

528 00:36:16,280 --> 00:36:19,760 Velkou otazkou v mojej mysli, v tomto okamihu je,

529 00:36:19,760 --> 00:36:22,960 mozem si spravit post raz do mesiac,

530 00:36:22,960 --> 00:36:25,920 dlhodobo, ci permanentne?

531 00:36:25,920 --> 00:36:28,200 Alebo je lepsia moznost, odlisny sposob,

532 00:36:28,200 --> 00:36:30,200 a viac zvladnutelna cesta,

533 00:36:30,200 --> 00:36:33,640 , ktora moze pre mna spravit viac nez tato,

534 00:36:33,640 --> 00:36:37,360 a pripadne je este trochu viac bezbolestna?

535 00:36:37,360 --> 00:36:40,600 Na co som prisiel o sebe samom je

536 00:36:40,600 --> 00:36:46,040 ze najvacsim problemom dlhodobeho hladovania pre mna osobne, som ja sam.

537 00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:51,520 Valter: "Musite urobit rozhodnutie teraz.

538 00:36:51,520 --> 00:36:52,880 "Hladovanie je tazke."

539 00:36:55,160 --> 00:36:58,360 Hoci viem uz o vsetkych uzasnych vyhodach ...

540 00:37:00,480 --> 00:37:03,000 .. jednoducho sa nemozem prinutit to robit.

541 00:37:15,680 --> 00:37:18,920 Ale skvela vec na vede je

542 00:37:18,920 --> 00:37:22,720 , ze stale sa najde niekto kto pracuje na dalsiom vyskume,

543 00:37:22,720 --> 00:37:25,280 v nadvaznosti na to, co dosiahli ini pred nim,

544 00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:28,720 co je dovodom, preco som dnes v Chicagu.

545 00:37:28,720 --> 00:37:33,320 Tu robia studie nie len na mysiach, ale aj na cloveku.

546 00:37:37,200 --> 00:37:39,920 A zda sa, ze nasli sposob, ako

547 00:37:39,920 --> 00:37:43,520 spravit post trosku viac znesitelnym.

548 00:37:43,520 --> 00:37:48,440 Som tu aby som stretol Dr. Kristu Varadi,

549 00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:52,600 ktora skuma nieco, co znie trosku jednoduchsie.

550 00:37:52,600 --> 00:37:54,400 Postit sa kazdy druhy den.

551 00:37:54,400 --> 00:37:57,040 Dobry den! Dobry den! Ahojte!

552 00:37:57,040 --> 00:38:00,560 Som rad, ze vas spoznavam. Podobne! Volam sa Krista Varadi.

553 00:38:00,560 --> 00:38:02,360 Dobry den! Takze co je tou novinkou?

554 00:38:02,360 --> 00:38:04,400 Toto su niektore komponenty, ktore pouzivame

555 00:38:04,400 --> 00:38:08,040 v diete pocas obden postu.

556 00:38:08,040 --> 00:38:11,560 V zaklade to je zalozene na dni drastickeho znizenia prijmu kalorii.

557 00:38:11,560 --> 00:38:13,720 U zien, asi 400 az 500 kalorii,

558 00:38:13,720 --> 00:38:16,280 a u muzov, asi okolo 500 az 600 kalorii denne,

559 00:38:16,280 --> 00:38:18,760 a to len v jednom jedle vzdy okolo obeda.

560 00:38:18,760 --> 00:38:22,040 Tomuto dnu hovorime, ze to je: postny den.

561 00:38:22,040 --> 00:38:24,560 Takze postny den nie je o uplnej abstinencii.

562 00:38:24,560 --> 00:38:27,640 Je to o jedle, ktore vyzera asi takto.

563 00:38:27,640 --> 00:38:31,480 Co je skvele o kazdom druhom dni postu

564 00:38:31,480 --> 00:38:33,520 je to, co sa deje kazdy druhy den.

565 00:38:33,520 --> 00:38:36,920 A to je den, ktory nazyvame: dnom neobmedzeneho jedenia,

566 00:38:36,920 --> 00:38:40,560 a to je teda den ked mozete jest cokolvek chcete. Uplne vsetko co len chcete.

567 00:38:40,560 --> 00:38:44,680 Takze to je zalozene cele na kazdom druhom dni postu.

568 00:38:44,680 --> 00:38:46,880 Postny den.

569 00:38:46,880 --> 00:38:47,960 Den jedenia.

570 00:38:47,960 --> 00:38:49,880 Postny den.

571 00:38:49,880 --> 00:38:51,320 Den jedenia.

572 00:38:51,320 --> 00:38:56,320 To iste znie jednoduchsie ako dlhodoby post,

573 00:38:56,320 --> 00:38:59,120 alebo denne obmedzovanie kalorii, na ktore som sa pozeral predtym.

574 00:38:59,120 --> 00:39:00,680 Ale je to aj tak ucinne?

575 00:39:00,680 --> 00:39:04,800 Momentalne Krista pracuje na vyskume obeznych pacientov

576 00:39:04,800 --> 00:39:08,280 a vysledky naznacuju, ze tomu tak je.

577 00:39:08,280 --> 00:39:10,840 To, co sme videli, bolo, ze skupina co drzala post kazdy druhy den

578 00:39:10,840 --> 00:39:12,960 stratila trochu viac vahy,

579 00:39:12,960 --> 00:39:16,360 tak asi o 2 kila viac na osobu pocas 6-tich mesiacov.

580 00:39:16,360 --> 00:39:21,480 A to bola tiez skupina, kde sme pozorovali velmi dobry pokles LDL cholesterolu,

581 00:39:21,480 --> 00:39:23,240 ako aj triglyceridov.

582 00:39:23,240 --> 00:39:26,160 LDL cholesterol, je zly cholesterol,

583 00:39:26,160 --> 00:39:29,440 a triglyceridy

• v podstate ich vyssie mnozstvo,

584 00:39:29,440 --> 00:39:32,720 moze viest k ochoreniu srdca a ochoreniam spojenym s vekom.

585 00:39:32,720 --> 00:39:36,280 Vidime tiez, naozaj pekne znizenie krvneho tlaku

586 00:39:36,280 --> 00:39:37,840 pocas dlzky trvania tejto studie.

587 00:39:37,840 --> 00:39:42,040 Takze, vyznamne znizenie rizikovych faktorov pre ochorenia srdca.

588 00:39:49,400 --> 00:39:51,800 "Navyse k doteraz skor obmedzenym studiam na ludoch,

589 00:39:51,800 --> 00:39:55,160 je tu vela dobrych dokazov zo studii na zvieratach

590 00:39:55,160 --> 00:39:58,600 , ktore su na tomto obden poste, a ukazuju, ze je to nielen bezpecne ale aj ucinne.

591 00:40:00,320 --> 00:40:02,880 "Som tak presvedceny, ze to skusim.

592 00:40:02,880 --> 00:40:05,400 Vcera som sa postil.

593 00:40:05,400 --> 00:40:07,360 Dnes budem jest."

594 00:40:07,360 --> 00:40:11,000 Takze dufajme, ze sa dokazem vratit ... nejak lahko.

595 00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:15,040 Ooh, magicky mysterizozny vylet! To sa mi paci! Yeah, yeah!

596 00:40:15,040 --> 00:40:18,160 Hudba: "Johnny B Goode" od Chucka Berryho

597 00:40:27,120 --> 00:40:29,520 (ZVONEC) Ahoj, vdaka ze ste sa zastavili.

598 00:40:29,520 --> 00:40:31,360 Mozem vziat vasu objednavku, prosim?

599 00:40:31,360 --> 00:40:35,520 ♪ Hlboko v Louisiane V blizkosti New Orleans

600 00:40:35,520 --> 00:40:37,520 ? Dalekov lesoch medzi zelenacmi

601 00:40:37,520 --> 00:40:40,360 ♪ Tam stalla kabinka spravena zo zeminy a dreva

602 00:40:40,360 --> 00:40:42,800 ? Tam zil chlapec menom Johnny B. Goode. ?

603 00:40:42,800 --> 00:40:44,160 Velmi dobra volba!

604 00:40:44,160 --> 00:40:47,040 Obzvlast sa mi paci to mnozstvo cohosi zeleneho vytrcajuceho z boku.

605 00:40:47,040 --> 00:40:48,600 Takze, musim priznat,

606 00:40:48,600 --> 00:40:52,440 som prekvapeny, ze som tu s vami.

607 00:40:52,440 --> 00:40:55,760 Tak nejako som si predstavoval, ze sa budete drzat, no,

608 00:40:55,760 --> 00:40:58,080 viete, nejakej vegetarianskej diety alebo takeho niecoho.

609 00:40:58,080 --> 00:41:00,760 Alebo, jest vela salatov alebo niecoho take v dnoch ked sa moze jest, nie?

610 00:41:00,760 --> 00:41:04,920 Nie, vlastne je to tak, ze pokial sa budete drzat toho, ze dosiahnete svoj kaloricky ciel v postnom dni,

611 00:41:04,920 --> 00:41:09,400 tak mozete doslova jest co sa vam paci v tych dnoch ked sa je neobmedzene.

612 00:41:09,400 --> 00:41:13,680 "V jednej z najnovsich studii Krista porovnavala dve skupiny na obden diete,

613 00:41:13,680 --> 00:41:16,560 "Jedna konzumovala jedla s vysokym, druha zase s nizkym obsahom tuku,

614 00:41:16,560 --> 00:41:18,960 pocaj dni jedenia."

615 00:41:18,960 --> 00:41:21,120 Mne ide o moju hladinu glukozy v krvi,

616 00:41:21,120 --> 00:41:23,000 a tiez o moj cholesterol,

617 00:41:23,000 --> 00:41:25,440 A mam obavy o vela inych veci. Ano, ano.

618 00:41:25,440 --> 00:41:29,240 Neovlyvnim teda nejako negativne toto vsetko tym, ze budem jest jedla s vysokym obsahom tuku?

619 00:41:29,240 --> 00:41:31,320 To je vlastne to, co sme si tiez mysleli, ze sa stane.

620 00:41:31,320 --> 00:41:32,640 Ale potom, prekvapujuco,

621 00:41:32,640 --> 00:41:35,000 zistili sme, ze vidime rovnaky pokles LDL cholesterolu,

622 00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:36,880 to je ten zly cholesterol,

623 00:41:36,880 --> 00:41:38,600 a tiez triglyceridov,

624 00:41:38,600 --> 00:41:40,800 a krvneho tlaku.

625 00:41:40,800 --> 00:41:43,000 Takze, pokial ide o riziko kardiovaskularnych ochoreni,

626 00:41:43,000 --> 00:41:45,600 nezalezalo na tom, ci ste jedli jedlo s vysokym obsahom tuku alebo s nizkym obsahom tuku.

627 00:41:45,600 --> 00:41:50,200 Dalsim velkym prekvapenim bolo, , ze po dni postu,

628 00:41:50,200 --> 00:41:54,280 sa ludia len zriedka prejedali v dni kde mohli jest co len chceli.

629 00:41:57,680 --> 00:42:01,320 Takze, ked sme chceli aby ludia jedli len 25% ich energetickych potrieb v ich postny den,

630 00:42:01,320 --> 00:42:03,880 tak sme si mysleli, ze ked rozbehneme tuto studiu,

631 00:42:03,880 --> 00:42:05,920 ze ludia budu jest 175% na druhy den.

632 00:42:05,920 --> 00:42:09,120 Ale hned od zaciatku, bez ohladu na okolnosti,

633 00:42:09,120 --> 00:42:13,840 ludia jednoducho nedokazali zjest o 175% viac na dalsi den po poste.

634 00:42:13,840 --> 00:42:16,320 Vacsina ludi jedla v priemere len okolo 110%.

635 00:42:16,320 --> 00:42:18,880 Takze len nieco malo naviac nez zvycajne jedavaju normalne.

636 00:42:18,880 --> 00:42:21,320 Z vysledkov sa zda ze tempo procesu starnutia sa ale spomalilo,

637 00:42:21,320 --> 00:42:23,000 a tiez choroby s tym spojene.

638 00:42:23,000 --> 00:42:25,600 Znizuje to riziko pridruzenych ochoreni,

639 00:42:25,600 --> 00:42:28,120 co je neuveritelna vec. Ano, absolutne.

640 00:42:33,640 --> 00:42:37,200 Kristin vyskum je stale v pociatocnych fazach.

641 00:42:37,200 --> 00:42:40,360 Ale z toho, co som videl a zazil,

642 00:42:40,360 --> 00:42:42,520 mam pocit, ze nadomnou uz vitazi

643 00:42:42,520 --> 00:42:45,360 myslienka, ze jednoduchy vzorec

644 00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:49,040 striedania postu s jedenim, moze byt velmi silnym liekom.

645 00:42:49,040 --> 00:42:54,000 Zda sa, ze to moze mat vplyvy, ktore presahuju jednoducho to ze clovek je menej konzumuje.

646 00:42:54,000 --> 00:42:57,240 A myslim, ze toto by mohlo fungovat pre niekoho ako som ja.

647 00:43:03,080 --> 00:43:05,920 Moja posledna zastavka je v Baltimore.

648 00:43:05,920 --> 00:43:09,520 Som tu, pretoze potrebujem posledny kusok motivacie.

649 00:43:12,560 --> 00:43:17,240 Je tu jeden aspekt starnutia ktory je pre mna najviac desivy, viac nez akykolvek iny.

650 00:43:17,240 --> 00:43:21,320 Ucinky starnutia prejavujuce sa na mojom mozgu.

651 00:43:24,280 --> 00:43:27,440 Snazim sa dohnat profesora Marka Mattsona.

652 00:43:27,440 --> 00:43:31,840 Mark je poprednym odbornikom na starnutie mozgu.

653 00:43:31,840 --> 00:43:34,960 Jeho vyskumy naznacuju, ze post

654 00:43:34,960 --> 00:43:37,800 moze pomoct oddialit nastup ochorenia

655 00:43:37,800 --> 00:43:40,520 ako je napriklad Alzheimerova choroba, demencia, a strata pamati.

656 00:43:40,520 --> 00:43:41,680 Velmi dobre! A ako sa mate vy?

657 00:43:41,680 --> 00:43:44,560 Ahoj! Michael Mosley. Mark Mattson.

658 00:43:44,560 --> 00:43:47,520 Vy tu pracujete? Pracovat tu? Nie!

659 00:43:47,520 --> 00:43:50,840 Tiez nepracujem tu! (MICHAEL sa zasmial).

660 00:43:50,840 --> 00:43:54,800 OK, Michael. Potrebujeme aby ste si tu obuli topanky!

661 00:43:56,520 --> 00:43:59,880 Mierime dolu do suterenu

662 00:43:59,880 --> 00:44:03,080 Narodneho Institutu pre Vyskum Starnutia.

663 00:44:03,080 --> 00:44:04,280 OK? Ano.

664 00:44:04,280 --> 00:44:06,000 Schovana tu dole,

665 00:44:06,000 --> 00:44:09,720 je jedna specialna mys ktoru mi chce ukazat.

666 00:44:17,680 --> 00:44:20,400 Tato mys preskumava bludisko.

667 00:44:22,800 --> 00:44:25,680 Je to test pamate, vytvoreny tak aby sme videli, ako dobre si mys zapamata

668 00:44:25,680 --> 00:44:28,840 kde nasla predtym jedlo.

669 00:44:28,840 --> 00:44:32,000 Takze jedlo je skutocne v bludisku, ano? Jedlo je tu.

670 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:35,920 Mysi, ktore studuju, su modifikovane tak aby sa u nich rozvinula Alzheimerova choroba.

671 00:44:38,440 --> 00:44:41,560 Normalne tejto chorobe podlahnu v ramci pomerne kratkej doby,

672 00:44:41,560 --> 00:44:44,360 ale ked su tieto mysi na obden diete pozostavajucej

673 00:44:44,360 --> 00:44:47,160 z postnych dni a dni jedenia,

674 00:44:47,160 --> 00:44:50,120 co Mark nazyva "prerusovanym dnom obmedzenia energie",

675 00:44:50,120 --> 00:44:51,840 vysledky su uplne neuveritelne.

676 00:44:51,840 --> 00:44:55,680 .. a to take, ze zvierata na prerusovanom energetickom obmedzeni,

677 00:44:55,680 --> 00:44:58,240 ziju ovela dlhsie normalnym zivotom,

678 00:44:58,240 --> 00:44:59,880 aspon, z toho co zatial dokazeme testovat,

679 00:44:59,880 --> 00:45:03,560 cize normalne sa ucia a normalne si pamataju, , nez zacnu mat nejake problemy.

680 00:45:03,560 --> 00:45:05,280 Vyrazne dlhsie?

681 00:45:05,280 --> 00:45:07,480 Ano, velmi vyrazne.

682 00:45:07,480 --> 00:45:10,600 V jednej studii, sa ukazalo ze to je medzi sest mesiacov az jeden rok dlhsie.

683 00:45:10,600 --> 00:45:14,280 To by bol ekvivalent u cloveka s

684 00:45:14,280 --> 00:45:17,280 rozvojovymi znamkami Alzheimerovej choroby, ci dostane chorobu vo veku 50,

685 00:45:17,280 --> 00:45:20,760 alebo az vo veku 80-tich rokov? Tak zhruba? Je to pravda? Ano.

686 00:45:20,760 --> 00:45:24,160 "Na druhej strane, ked mysi jedli zlu stravu,

687 00:45:24,160 --> 00:45:27,640 ide to s nimi dole vodou rychlo."

688 00:45:27,640 --> 00:45:30,920 Davame im... Vela sladkych napojov? A dietu s vysokym obsahom tukov, presne.

689 00:45:30,920 --> 00:45:32,880 A tiez im pridavame fruktozu do ich pitnej vody,

690 00:45:32,880 --> 00:45:35,520 a to ma uplne dramaticky ucinok.

691 00:45:35,520 --> 00:45:37,920 Tieto zvierata maju este skorsi nastup choroby

692 00:45:37,920 --> 00:45:40,280 a problem s ucenim a pamatou.

693 00:45:40,280 --> 00:45:41,720 Je to ovela skor?

694 00:45:41,720 --> 00:45:44,880 Tak zhruba uz v styroch mesiacoch. Wow.

695 00:45:44,880 --> 00:45:48,760 Takze to je ekvivalent vzniku Alzheimerovej choroby

696 00:45:48,760 --> 00:45:51,360 uz po 30tke, tesne pred 40tim rokom u cloveka? Presne!

697 00:45:51,360 --> 00:45:55,120 Zatial, sa robili len studie na mysiach,

698 00:45:55,120 --> 00:45:58,040 ale uz sa planuje testovanie aj na ludoch.

699 00:45:58,040 --> 00:46:00,400 Ake su dokazy ze ak by niekto som ja

700 00:46:00,400 --> 00:46:02,520 zacal prerusovane hladovanie,

701 00:46:02,520 --> 00:46:05,520 ze by to znizilo jeho riziko ochorenia mozgu, zhruba?

702 00:46:07,640 --> 00:46:10,000 Myslim, ze z ludskeho hladiska,

703 00:46:10,000 --> 00:46:16,000 ak pojdeme na stupnici od zlej pravdepodobnosti az k velmi dobrej,

704 00:46:16,000 --> 00:46:18,080 a od vybornej az k vynikajucej,

705 00:46:18,080 --> 00:46:20,400 bolo by to niekde medzi velmi dobrou az vynikajucou pravdepodobnostou.

706 00:46:21,760 --> 00:46:24,720 To je sposob, akym by som to kategorizoval ja.

707 00:46:29,560 --> 00:46:31,320 Ale, ako to vlastne funguje?

708 00:46:33,440 --> 00:46:36,120 No, ked sme skumali mozgove tkanivo mysi na poste,

709 00:46:36,120 --> 00:46:39,440 nasli sme nieco uplne mimoriadne.

710 00:46:39,440 --> 00:46:44,920 Tieto zelene objekty su novonarodene mozgove bunky.

711 00:46:44,920 --> 00:46:47,080 Tieto tri tu su uplne nove?

712 00:46:47,080 --> 00:46:53,600 Zda sa ze sporadicke hladovky sposobuju vznik novych neuronov.

713 00:46:53,600 --> 00:46:57,160 Preco by mozog zacal vytvarat

714 00:46:57,160 --> 00:47:00,000 nove nervove bunky, ked mu prestaneme davat jedlo?

715 00:47:00,000 --> 00:47:03,240 No, ak nad tym uvazujete z evolucneho hladiska, dava zmysel,

716 00:47:03,240 --> 00:47:09,040 ze ak mate hlad, treba radsej zvysit kognitivne schopnosti.

717 00:47:09,040 --> 00:47:11,280 Tie vam daju najlepsiu sancu na prezitie, je vyhoda,

718 00:47:11,280 --> 00:47:15,000 ak si ho pamatate, kde ste naposledy videli alebo schovali potravu, atd.

719 00:47:17,040 --> 00:47:22,760 Zda sa, ze post cvici sedu mozgovu koru podobne, ako cvicenie cvici svaly.

720 00:47:25,480 --> 00:47:30,160 Takze hlad vas robi bystrejsim, mudrejsimi? Ano. Myslime si, ze ano.

721 00:47:34,080 --> 00:47:39,280 Markov vyskum vedie k jednoduchemu uzaveru.

722 00:47:39,280 --> 00:47:43,600 Drzanie postu kazdy druhy den ma lepsie ucinky na mozog

723 00:47:43,600 --> 00:47:47,480 nez keby clovek len celkovo znizil prijem dennych kalorii.

724 00:47:47,480 --> 00:47:53,280 Je to pravda na mysiach, ale potrebujeme lepsie studie, aby sme dokazali, ze sa to tyka aj ludi.

725 00:47:57,840 --> 00:48:02,000 Prisiel som na koniec mojho hladania ako zistit co jest, ako sa postit a zit tak dlhsie.

726 00:48:03,200 --> 00:48:07,600 Oficialna rada je, jest aspon 2,000 kalorii denne,

727 00:48:07,600 --> 00:48:11,640 ale ak naozaj chcete skusit post, dokonca co len na striedavom zaklade,

728 00:48:11,640 --> 00:48:15,920 chodte najprv k doktorovi, lebo su ludia, ktorym by to mohlo ublizit,

729 00:48:15,920 --> 00:48:19,560 ako su napriklad tehotne zeny alebo, ludia trpiaci pod-vahou.

730 00:48:21,200 --> 00:48:25,960 Ja budem opatrny, a rozhodol som sa ze skusim vzor, ktory mi odporucil Mark.

731 00:48:25,960 --> 00:48:31,680 Nie kazdy druhy den post, ale menej extremnu verziu 5+2 dietu -

732 00:48:31,680 --> 00:48:37,080 cize mozem jest 5 dni, co bude nasledovane dvoma dnami postu, a toto robit kazdy tyzden.

733 00:48:38,360 --> 00:48:43,720 Dnes je moj posledny den v Spojenych statoch, a uplne mi to otvorilo oci.

734 00:48:43,720 --> 00:48:48,480 Nemal som tusenie, ze vobec existovalo tolko vyskumu na temu

735 00:48:48,480 --> 00:48:54,200 postu, kalorickeho obmedzovania, vo vsetkych takychto formach, a celkovo tolko vyskumu o starnuti.

736 00:48:55,200 --> 00:48:59,960 Rozhodol som sa ale, ze sa rozhodne pokusim drzat mojho 5+2 programu,

737 00:48:59,960 --> 00:49:05,200 ako vravim, je to pat dni jedenia, a potom dva dni na 600 kaloriach denne.

738 00:49:05,200 --> 00:49:07,760 Naozaj, naozaj dufam, ze to pre mna spravi nejaky rozdiel,

739 00:49:07,760 --> 00:49:11,360 pretoze som si vedomy, ze uz teraz som naozaj na konci zrazu

740 00:49:11,360 --> 00:49:14,720 ktory je mojou vstupenkov k velmi strmemu vstupu do staroby,

741 00:49:14,720 --> 00:49:19,560 a teda ak je nieco, co moze spomalit proces starnutia a dat mi

742 00:49:19,560 --> 00:49:25,360 viac rokov zdraveho zivota, potom by som to naozaj rad vyskusal.

743 00:49:31,000 --> 00:49:35,280 Idem domov do Velkej Britanie.

744 00:49:35,280 --> 00:49:40,560 Rozhodol som sa, ze si dam pat tyzdnov na to aby som si zvykol na moju novu dietu,

745 00:49:40,560 --> 00:49:43,760 a uvidime, ci dosiahnem nejake vysledky.

746 00:49:49,760 --> 00:49:52,520 To je jeden z mojich postnych dni,

747 00:49:52,520 --> 00:49:55,240 a rozhodol som sa, ze ranajky budu mojim hlavnym jedlom dna.

748 00:49:55,240 --> 00:49:59,440 Aj ked teda Mark Mattson povedal, ze si nemysli, ze zalezi na tom

749 00:49:59,440 --> 00:50:01,760 kedy clovek zje nadelene kalorie v jeho postnom dni.

750 00:50:01,760 --> 00:50:05,280 Snazil som sa rozne veci, ale pre mna je to doslova znicujuce

751 00:50:05,280 --> 00:50:07,840 ist do prace, ked mam hlad.

752 00:50:09,640 --> 00:50:12,480 Je tu dalsi dovod, preco som rozhodol sa vyskusat tento rezim.

753 00:50:12,480 --> 00:50:16,040 Ked som prisiel domov, dal som si spravit dalsi IGF-1 test.

754 00:50:17,040 --> 00:50:21,280 Bohuzial, moja uroven bola zase vysoka, ako aj predtym.

755 00:50:21,280 --> 00:50:27,800 Ukazalo sa, ze tazko ziskane ucinky stvordnoveho postu, trvali len velmi kratku chvilu.

756 00:50:27,800 --> 00:50:30,680 Aj ona si uz na to zvykla, v tejto chvili, aspon myslim...

757 00:50:30,680 --> 00:50:33,920 Takze dufam, ze je to nieco, co uz dokazem vydrzat. "

758 00:50:33,920 --> 00:50:37,280 Dobre. Je to v pohode. Je dvadsat minut do dvoch,

759 00:50:37,280 --> 00:50:41,040 a necitim sa ani trochu hladny , ale je cas obeda,

760 00:50:41,040 --> 00:50:44,920 takze ked uz nic ine, myslim, ze sa pojdem aspon prejst.

761 00:50:44,920 --> 00:50:50,680 HUDBA: "Harder, Better, Rychlejsie, silnejsie" od Daft Punk

762 00:51:02,400 --> 00:51:06,840 Zistil som, ze postne dni ked mam vela prace v robote, znasam lahsie,

763 00:51:06,840 --> 00:51:09,720 ale mojim velkym testom bude dovolenka.

764 00:51:09,720 --> 00:51:11,880 Prechadzam sa s priatelmi.

765 00:51:11,880 --> 00:51:17,080 Robime prechod cez Trans-Pennine Way.

766 00:51:17,080 --> 00:51:22,080 Mal som ranajky toto rano asi pred dvoma hodinami,

767 00:51:22,080 --> 00:51:28,200 a dalsi plan jest je az na ranajky zajtra rano.

768 00:51:28,200 --> 00:51:32,160 Zatial sa citim celkom dobre.

769 00:51:35,080 --> 00:51:39,960 Teraz je asi 7 hodin. Nejedol som nic uz 12 hodin.

770 00:51:39,960 --> 00:51:43,520 Ostatny su za mnou a jedia v tejto krcmicke,

771 00:51:43,520 --> 00:51:47,640 tak som sa rozhodol ist vonku na chvilku, pretoze ...

772 00:51:47,640 --> 00:51:50,400 nie som taky silny, ako som si myslel ze budem.

773 00:51:50,400 --> 00:51:53,480 Moj zaludok zacina pracovat , ale to je v poriadku.

774 00:51:57,880 --> 00:52:02,400 "Je to uz pat tyzdnov od co som zacal 5+2 dietu."

775 00:52:02,400 --> 00:52:04,720 K nohe! K nohe!

776 00:52:04,720 --> 00:52:06,920 Toto je teda za psa!

777 00:52:06,920 --> 00:52:10,520 "Podarilo sa mi zmestit do dvoch 600 kaloriovych dni v tyzdni,

778 00:52:10,520 --> 00:52:13,960 "Hoci myslim ze by som inklinoval k tomu aby boli tie postne dni trosku viac od seba.

779 00:52:13,960 --> 00:52:16,440 Ale bolo toto vsetko dost na to aby to spravilo rozdiel? "

780 00:52:17,840 --> 00:52:19,640 Dnes je den, ked uvidim svoje vysledky.

781 00:52:19,640 --> 00:52:21,520 Stratil som, co vidim, nejaku tu vahu,

782 00:52:21,520 --> 00:52:25,000 Zistim za okamih presne kolko vahy, ale co ma najviac zaujima

783 00:52:25,000 --> 00:52:29,200 su krvne vysledky, pretoze vysledky z 5-6 tyzdnov dozadu boli vcelku hrozne.

784 00:52:29,200 --> 00:52:34,280 Mam vysoku glukozu, vysoky cholesterol, a vysoku hladinu IGF.

785 00:52:34,280 --> 00:52:37,480 A tak sa uz naozaj, ale naozaj neviem dockat, aby som videl ci sa nieco zlepsilo,

786 00:52:37,480 --> 00:52:41,400 pretoze aby som bol uprimny, ak sa to nezlepsilo, mam na ruke dost velky problem,

787 00:52:41,400 --> 00:52:46,480 ja totiz chcem zostat mlady a zdravy pre moju rodinu, ale aj pre seba.

788 00:52:46,480 --> 00:52:51,800 A tak som celkom nervozny, pretoze mi na tom strasne moc zalezi.

789 00:52:55,000 --> 00:52:59,080 Len pre pripomenutie, toto je ako som vyzeral na zaciatku tohto filmu.

790 00:53:01,160 --> 00:53:04,040 A takto vyzeram dnes.

791 00:53:04,040 --> 00:53:06,640 Musel som si pridat niekolko novych dierok na opasok,

792 00:53:06,640 --> 00:53:09,800 takze viem, ze sa nieco zmenilo, ale ako a o kolko?

793 00:53:09,800 --> 00:53:14,400 Jasne, a je tu okamih pravdy, v ktorom som zistil, kolko vahy som vlastne stratil.

794 00:53:14,400 --> 00:53:18,360 Toto je specialny druh vahy ktory zmeria moju vahu velmi presne,

795 00:53:18,360 --> 00:53:20,280 a tiez zisti kolko ma moje telo tuku.

796 00:53:20,280 --> 00:53:23,280 Hey! Tak to je fantasticke!

797 00:53:23,280 --> 00:53:31,240 To je 78kg, co znamena, ze som stratil skoro 6.5 kila.

798 00:53:31,240 --> 00:53:36,280 Moje telesny tuk, ked som zacal bol na 27%,

799 00:53:36,280 --> 00:53:39,440 a teraz je to menej ako 20.

800 00:53:39,440 --> 00:53:42,560 To je naozaj, ale naozaj potesujuce.

801 00:53:46,280 --> 00:53:50,960 Citim sa dobre, a rodina hovori ze vyzeram chudsie.

802 00:53:50,960 --> 00:53:54,120 A naozaj to nebolo tak tazke,

803 00:53:54,120 --> 00:53:58,280 a som rad, ze som uz opat v normalnej vahovej kategorii.

804 00:53:58,280 --> 00:54:02,400 Ale to, co naozaj chcem vediet je to, co sa zmenilo vo vnutri mojho tela.

805 00:54:06,920 --> 00:54:12,280 Profesor Luigi Fontana mi akurat ide zavolat so svojimi konecnymi vysledkami.

806 00:54:12,280 --> 00:54:15,160 Ahoj, Michael! Ahoj, Luigi, ako sa mas?

807 00:54:15,160 --> 00:54:17,680 Som v poriadku, a ty? Mam sa velmi dobre.

808 00:54:17,680 --> 00:54:19,200 Takze, mame tvoje vysledky.

809 00:54:19,200 --> 00:54:23,880 Len tym ze si sa postil 2 dni do tyzna, si spravil nieco uzasne

810 00:54:23,880 --> 00:54:28,760 pre tvoje kardio-metabolicke zdravie, a tak som na teba velmi hrdy.

811 00:54:28,760 --> 00:54:33,920 'Ale co sa stalo s mojim IGF-1? Je moje telo este stale v rychlo-rychlo mode?'

812 00:54:33,920 --> 00:54:38,760 IGF-1 je hlavnym rizikovym faktorom pre rakovinu.

813 00:54:38,760 --> 00:54:42,080 Rakovina prsnika, rakovina prostaty , rakovina hrubeho creva.

814 00:54:42,080 --> 00:54:45,480 Obidva, tri a pol dnovy post

815 00:54:45,480 --> 00:54:51,840 a tiez post zlozeny z piatich tyzdnov prerusovanej hladovky Vam sposobil celkovy pokles IGF-1 o 50%.

816 00:54:53,360 --> 00:54:56,600 "Co je dostatocne k obmedzeniu rizik viacerych druhov rakoviny.

817 00:54:56,600 --> 00:55:00,240 "Ale co moja hladina cukru v krvi, ktora hranicila s cukrovkou? "

818 00:55:00,240 --> 00:55:05,560 Vasa glukoza klesla na 90. Tak veru. Fantasticke.

819 00:55:05,560 --> 00:55:07,640 Takze vasa glukozy je na normale.

820 00:55:07,640 --> 00:55:10,760 "Moj konecny vysledok je cholesterol."

821 00:55:10,760 --> 00:55:15,320 Takze, tu ste mali znizenie celkoveho cholesterolu,

822 00:55:15,320 --> 00:55:17,840 a zvysil sa vam dobry cholesterol.

823 00:55:17,840 --> 00:55:21,920 To ukazuje, ako kratko to trva, vidite,

824 00:55:21,920 --> 00:55:26,160 dojst k celkovemu zlepseniu a to bez drog, a bez uzivania liekov.

825 00:55:26,160 --> 00:55:29,120 "Nebolo to bez usilia,

826 00:55:29,120 --> 00:55:34,520 ale znizil som riziko vzniku chorob, ktore by mi mohli skratit zivot. "

827 00:55:34,520 --> 00:55:37,680 Dakujem. Takze, by som mal zit zdravo a stastne az do smrti, ze?

828 00:55:37,680 --> 00:55:40,200 Neviem ci budete zit stastnejsie,

829 00:55:40,200 --> 00:55:44,200 ale mate nizsie riziko toho ze sa u vas rozvinie nejake ochorenie.

830 00:55:44,200 --> 00:55:47,440 Velmi vam dakujem, Luigi, Naozaj, dakujem. Nie je zac.

831 00:55:47,440 --> 00:55:50,600 Som velmi, velmi spokojny. Velmi spokojny naozaj.

832 00:55:50,600 --> 00:55:53,920 To bolo ovela lepsie nez som ocakaval.

833 00:55:55,400 --> 00:56:00,520 'Chcel som aby moja zena Claire, ktora je tiez doktorkou, videla moje vysledky.'

834 00:56:00,520 --> 00:56:05,840 Takze, toto je moje IGF, ktory je rizikom pre rakovinu a vznik inych chorob.

835 00:56:05,840 --> 00:56:10,440 Toto zislo dole na polovicu len mojim dvojdnovym postenim. Ano.

836 00:56:10,440 --> 00:56:14,560 Vsetko ukazuje zlepsenie v ktore si dufal.

837 00:56:14,560 --> 00:56:15,720 Ano.

838 00:56:15,720 --> 00:56:19,040 To v podstate znamena, ze nebudem musiet brat ziadne tablety, aspon v sucasnej dobe.

839 00:56:19,040 --> 00:56:20,280 Nie. Ale iba ak vydrzis svoj postny plan.

840 00:56:21,400 --> 00:56:24,080 No, vyzeras ale, ze ti velmi prospieva.

841 00:56:24,080 --> 00:56:26,160 Dakujem. Som naozaj spokojny.

842 00:56:26,160 --> 00:56:28,960 Musim povedat, ze to su naozaj, uzasne dobre spravy. Hm.

843 00:56:33,400 --> 00:56:37,840 Vysledky boli absolutne fantasticke pre mna sameho,

844 00:56:37,840 --> 00:56:42,000 ale, neznamena to, ze prerusovany post bude pracovat pre kazdeho.

845 00:56:44,200 --> 00:56:48,200 Je naozaj dolezite, aby sa urobilo viac studii na ludoch,

846 00:56:48,200 --> 00:56:51,320 a zistilo, ci je toto dlhodobo bezpecne a efektivne.

847 00:56:53,760 --> 00:56:58,760 Ale tym ze som zazil prerusovany post, mam v plane v nom pokracovat.

848 00:56:59,880 --> 00:57:03,240 Zda sa, ze to opravilo niektore skody

849 00:57:03,240 --> 00:57:05,880 ktore som svojmu telu sposobil za tie roky.

850 00:57:08,920 --> 00:57:12,040 Je velmi dojemne sa pozerat na fotografie seba

851 00:57:12,040 --> 00:57:15,160 a clenov mojej rodiny ako casom rastieme a starneme,

852 00:57:15,160 --> 00:57:18,640 ale neznamena to, ze chcem zadrzat tok casu.

853 00:57:18,640 --> 00:57:23,920 Tak nejako viem ze starneme a mali by sme zostarnut,

854 00:57:23,920 --> 00:57:26,920 a ze je len velmi malo co s tym mozeme urobit.

855 00:57:26,920 --> 00:57:31,680 Ale post je trosku ina vec. Post nie je o snahe zit do 140-tich rokov,

856 00:57:31,680 --> 00:57:35,880 Je to o tom zostat zdravy tak dlho, ako je to len mozne,

857 00:57:35,880 --> 00:57:39,280 a momentalna doba, ktorej celime ako narod,

858 00:57:39,280 --> 00:57:42,240 ked zapasime s obezitou a je tu coraz viac cukrovkarov,

859 00:57:42,240 --> 00:57:45,960 zufalo potrebuje nieco co moze spravit rozdiel.

860 00:57:45,960 --> 00:57:49,480 Post je prva vec s ktorou som sa oboznamil

861 00:57:49,480 --> 00:57:52,840 o ktorej som skutocne presvedceny, ze keby to ludia vyskusali, dali tomu sancu,

862 00:57:52,840 --> 00:57:56,840 mohlo by to radikalne zmenit nase celo-narodne zdravie.

863 00:57:56,840 --> 00:58:03,360 Takze, dufam, ze budeme aj nadalej pokracovat v masivnom vyskume a prieskume tohoto uzemia.

864 00:58:04,560 --> 00:58:08,240 Robit tento post bola jedna z najzaujimavejsich veci ...

865 00:58:08,240 --> 00:58:11,600 no, povedal by som, absolutne naj-zaujimavejsia cesta na ktoru som sa podujal, ci filmoval,

866 00:58:11,600 --> 00:58:14,240 alebo ako to len chcete nazvat ,... cesta ktorej som sa zucastnil.

867 00:58:14,240 --> 00:58:16,320 (Pes knuci)

868 00:58:16,320 --> 00:58:18,520 A nieco take som nikdy predtym este nepovedal.

869 00:58:32,000 --> 00:58:35,640 Slovenske Titulky: Jozef Jarosciak ml.

Anglicke Titulky:

1 00:00:07,040 --> 00:00:09,000 I love life,

2 00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:13,280 so I want to remain young, energetic, enjoy it for as long as I can.

3 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:15,480 I'm medically trained.

4 00:00:15,480 --> 00:00:19,360 I know all the standard advice for staying healthy.

5 00:00:19,360 --> 00:00:23,120 But in my case, it doesn't seem to be working.

6 00:00:24,760 --> 00:00:29,800 I've discovered that my body is not the lean, long-lived machine

7 00:00:29,800 --> 00:00:31,800 I would like it to be.

8 00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:37,480 A third of your body is fat. Thank you...for making that point so emphatically.

9 00:00:37,480 --> 00:00:42,400 I wanted to see if science can offer a different way to stop the rot,

10 00:00:42,400 --> 00:00:44,560 slow the clock,

11 00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:48,000 so I set off to find experts

12 00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:51,520 who are trying to combat the ravages of ageing.

13 00:00:51,520 --> 00:00:54,760 We are rewriting human physiology here. Ooh...yay!

14 00:00:56,160 --> 00:01:00,440 If you can find something else that you can do that it doesn't hurt you, that benefits you

15 00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:03,440 and that causes these changes, I'd like to know.

16 00:01:05,160 --> 00:01:08,200 What I discovered was truly surprising.

17 00:01:09,800 --> 00:01:14,640 It involves no pills, no injections and no hidden cost.

18 00:01:14,640 --> 00:01:17,400 It's all a question of what you eat.

19 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:19,400 Or rather, what you don't eat.

20 00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:25,480 Last night, I dreamt I ate a sandwich and then I felt fantastically guilty.

21 00:01:25,480 --> 00:01:26,840 It's about fasting.

22 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:30,120 But fasting made easier.

23 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:32,400 If I were to go onto Joe's lifestyle...?

24 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:36,200 In a year, you are going to be cured.

25 00:01:42,480 --> 00:01:48,600 The big thing is that this is the beginning of something which I think could be huge.

26 00:01:48,600 --> 00:01:51,480 If it takes off and if it heads off in the direction I imagine it will,

27 00:01:51,480 --> 00:01:54,920 then this...this could be genuinely revolutionary.

28 00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:12,720 KLAXON

29 00:02:18,520 --> 00:02:23,160 There are plenty of people who stay young and fit

30 00:02:23,160 --> 00:02:25,160 well beyond retirement age.

31 00:02:33,480 --> 00:02:36,320 They mainly do it the traditional way -

32 00:02:36,320 --> 00:02:39,120 through lots and lots of exercise.

33 00:02:39,120 --> 00:02:42,280 Today, I've come to the London Marathon.

34 00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:47,000 Nearly 36,000 bodies of all shapes and sizes

35 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:49,360 are tackling the 26-mile course.

36 00:02:49,360 --> 00:02:51,480 Some are young,

37 00:02:51,480 --> 00:02:53,400 many not so young.

38 00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:03,920 There's an absolutely fantastic atmosphere here.

39 00:03:03,920 --> 00:03:05,760 Now, I have never run the marathon

40 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:08,560 and I have no plans to ever run the marathon,

41 00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:12,160 but there are plenty of people running today

42 00:03:12,160 --> 00:03:15,160 who are far older than me.

43 00:03:15,160 --> 00:03:18,880 There are 7,000 people in their 50s

44 00:03:18,880 --> 00:03:21,480 and, incredibly enough,

45 00:03:21,480 --> 00:03:25,560 there are seven people who are in their 80s or older.

46 00:03:31,320 --> 00:03:35,280 I'm going to trying and flag a few of them down

47 00:03:35,280 --> 00:03:37,200 to ask how they do it.

48 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:39,560 Hello! How are you? Hello!

49 00:03:40,760 --> 00:03:42,720 How old are you? 78.

50 00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:44,360 And how old are you? 81.

51 00:03:50,960 --> 00:03:54,280 What's the secret, then, running? Magic wand!

52 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:57,520 Just eating well. Hard work son, that's all!

53 00:03:59,120 --> 00:04:04,200 Anyone who can run a marathon in their 70s deserves my respect,

54 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:10,000 but I'm waiting for a man who makes septuagenarians look youthful.

55 00:04:13,920 --> 00:04:16,440 Fauja Singh is amazing.

56 00:04:16,440 --> 00:04:19,120 He has been active all his life,

57 00:04:19,120 --> 00:04:22,800 but he only took up serious running in his 80s.

58 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:27,640 So what is it that keeps him so remarkably fit and energetic?

59 00:04:27,640 --> 00:04:31,200 Hi, there. Nice to see you.

60 00:04:31,200 --> 00:04:34,080 How old is Fauja? 101.

61 00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:37,000 Born on 1st April 1911.

62 00:04:37,000 --> 00:04:41,000 Unfortunately he hasn't quite mastered the English language yet.

63 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:44,200 Do you mind asking him how he's feeling?

64 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:46,360 THEY SPEAK IN PUNJABI

65 00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:51,680 He goes, "It's not easy..." Yeah?

66 00:04:51,680 --> 00:04:56,960 But the job's got to be done, cos he's not finished yet. You're not going to give up, are you?

67 00:05:02,840 --> 00:05:05,200 Although he's 101,

68 00:05:05,200 --> 00:05:09,160 Fauja has never had surgery,

69 00:05:09,160 --> 00:05:13,440 he shows no signs of heart disease...

70 00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:16,320 and he takes no medication.

71 00:05:20,160 --> 00:05:23,040 He believes that his long life

72 00:05:23,040 --> 00:05:26,240 and his incredible health is down to his diet.

73 00:05:28,480 --> 00:05:30,680 So, any particular diet?

74 00:05:30,680 --> 00:05:33,200 He has no particular diet.

75 00:05:33,200 --> 00:05:39,200 It's a simple Punjabi farmer's diet, so just fresh food,

76 00:05:39,200 --> 00:05:42,080 but his secret is that he has smaller portions. Right.

77 00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:45,040 In poor countries, people die of starvation.

78 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:48,600 In rich countries, people die of over-eating.

79 00:05:48,600 --> 00:05:52,080 So, how much does he eat, compared to you or I?

80 00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:55,120 He would eat what would be considered half a portion,

81 00:05:55,120 --> 00:05:57,640 almost a child's portion.

82 00:05:57,640 --> 00:06:02,000 So a child portion is probably about half the amount of calories you or I would eat?

83 00:06:04,840 --> 00:06:08,720 By restricting his food intake so dramatically,

84 00:06:08,720 --> 00:06:12,960 Fauja has unknowingly been testing a theory that has been around

85 00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:15,280 nearly as long as he has.

86 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:21,680 A scientific theory which is only now really coming into its own.

87 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:30,720 I've taken the Tube to the finish line.

88 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:33,760 I want to catch Fauja become, hopefully,

89 00:06:33,760 --> 00:06:36,960 the world's oldest marathon runner.

90 00:06:44,880 --> 00:06:49,800 And after seven hours and 49 minutes, he succeeds.

91 00:06:49,800 --> 00:06:52,920 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

92 00:06:55,760 --> 00:06:58,280 Can I congratulate you?

93 00:07:12,440 --> 00:07:15,960 That is absolutely unbelievable

• he's 101 years old

94 00:07:15,960 --> 00:07:19,080 and he has just covered 26 miles.

95 00:07:19,080 --> 00:07:22,480 Now, I can't imagine that, in 50 years' time,

96 00:07:22,480 --> 00:07:24,800 I'm going to be running down The Mall,

97 00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:27,200 but I want to be like him.

98 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:32,080 I want to be mentally active and physically active, I want to stay younger for longer.

99 00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:45,960 For decades, teams of scientists around the world

100 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:49,000 have been intensely studying ageing.

101 00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:55,560 Now, clearly, genes play a significant part in how quickly and well we age,

102 00:07:55,560 --> 00:07:58,760 but there's nothing much you can do about your genes.

103 00:07:58,760 --> 00:08:03,000 There is, however, something you can do about what you eat.

104 00:08:06,880 --> 00:08:11,960 And here in America, they are starting to turn out some truly remarkable research

105 00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:14,600 linking food with longevity.

106 00:08:14,600 --> 00:08:20,200 It seems it's not just about WHAT we eat, but how and when we eat it.

107 00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:27,480 Our story begins in the dust bowls of America during the 1930s.

108 00:08:27,480 --> 00:08:30,600 There was a terrible drought, food was scarce,

109 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:34,760 and the whole country was in the grips of the Great Depression.

110 00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:37,480 Now, you would imagine, in such difficult times,

111 00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:42,040 that life expectancy would fall, but in fact it rose.

112 00:08:44,440 --> 00:08:49,600 During the darkest years of Great Depression - 1929 to 1933 -

113 00:08:49,600 --> 00:08:53,960 life expectancy increased by a remarkable six years.

114 00:08:59,320 --> 00:09:03,080 Now, on the face of it, that is really surprising,

115 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:08,760 and yet, clues as to why could also be found from research done back in the 1930s.

116 00:09:09,920 --> 00:09:13,320 Nutritionists at Cornell University working with animals

117 00:09:13,320 --> 00:09:15,720 discovered that if you severely restrict

118 00:09:15,720 --> 00:09:20,080 the amount they eat, they live longer.

119 00:09:20,080 --> 00:09:22,840 Much, much longer.

120 00:09:25,880 --> 00:09:30,640 So the next obvious question

• if you do the same with humans,

121 00:09:30,640 --> 00:09:33,680 will it have the same effects?

122 00:09:35,640 --> 00:09:39,920 Well, it's been eight decades since that observation,

123 00:09:39,920 --> 00:09:43,320 and only now are scientists really beginning to understand

124 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:47,360 the link between calorie restriction and longevity in humans.

125 00:09:47,360 --> 00:09:51,880 At long last, it seems, we are starting to get answers.

126 00:10:00,920 --> 00:10:06,000 Washington University is at the heart of this new science.

127 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:09,080 We are rewriting human physiology here!

128 00:10:09,080 --> 00:10:11,040 It's astonishing, you know,

129 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:14,920 how simple dietary intervention can really change

130 00:10:14,920 --> 00:10:17,840 how the human body works, basically.

131 00:10:19,720 --> 00:10:24,120 'Professor Luigi Fontana has spent the last ten years studying a group of people

132 00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:28,520 'who severely calorie restrict every single day.

133 00:10:30,280 --> 00:10:33,400 'And he is astonished by what he's found.'

134 00:10:34,920 --> 00:10:37,800 These people, they look like a different species.

135 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:40,240 That's quite a big statement, isn't it? Yes!

136 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:45,040 We are finding that they are going to live longer than their parents and brothers

137 00:10:45,040 --> 00:10:48,080 on the typical American diet, or Western diets.

138 00:10:53,440 --> 00:10:56,040 'Luigi is clearly impressed,

139 00:10:56,040 --> 00:11:00,920 'so I wanted to meet one of this new species of human for myself.'

140 00:11:00,920 --> 00:11:04,800 A lovely, lovely house. Were the directions good? Very good, thank you.

141 00:11:04,800 --> 00:11:07,280 Joe Cordell is a CRonie -

142 00:11:07,280 --> 00:11:10,640 a calorie restrictor on optimal nutrition.

143 00:11:10,640 --> 00:11:14,240 And that means a lot of fruit and veg.

144 00:11:16,280 --> 00:11:18,800 I went ahead and kind of put everything out

145 00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:22,920 because I thought you might want to have some breakfast. That would be delicious, thank you.

146 00:11:22,920 --> 00:11:25,120 When I imagine a calorie restrictor,

147 00:11:25,120 --> 00:11:30,120 I imagine someone who lives basically on a couple of carrots, or something like that.

148 00:11:30,120 --> 00:11:34,160 I didn't think you'd go in for breakfast.

149 00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:37,720 'Joe kicks off his day with a mountain of fruit,

150 00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:40,360 'some of which he then throws away.'

151 00:11:41,360 --> 00:11:45,840 Then what I like to do is add some apple to it, but when you're in my position,

152 00:11:45,840 --> 00:11:50,840 I want to get as much nutritional value as I can for the calorie,

153 00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:53,480 and virtually all the nutritional value is in the peel.

154 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:56,960 So you're going to slip the peel in and throw away the rest of it?

155 00:11:56,960 --> 00:11:59,960 You're going to do the reverse of what most people do.

156 00:11:59,960 --> 00:12:04,160 It's great, because literally 95% of the nutritional value here...

157 00:12:04,160 --> 00:12:07,840 Is in the skin? Yeah. The rest is sugar and calories.

158 00:12:07,840 --> 00:12:11,480 This is generally what I'll have each morning The whole thing?

159 00:12:11,480 --> 00:12:13,080 Yeah. That's a big bowl.

160 00:12:13,080 --> 00:12:17,360 Do you ever think, "What if I'm wrong? What if it's all wrong?

161 00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:22,360 "I've done this for 10, 20 years, and then a new bit of science comes out

162 00:12:22,360 --> 00:12:25,200 "which says it's actually all nonsense."

163 00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:28,840 I tell you, my brother, who weighs 100 lb more than I do,

164 00:12:28,840 --> 00:12:33,720 he's about my age. He's all the time making the joke to me

165 00:12:33,720 --> 00:12:36,640 that he's going to end up out-living me

166 00:12:36,640 --> 00:12:39,280 and, in his opinion, I will have suffered for nothing.

167 00:12:39,280 --> 00:12:41,360 But the point is, I enjoy doing it.

168 00:12:41,360 --> 00:12:44,000 Living a healthy lifestyle is fun.

169 00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:49,080 'There are an estimated 100,000 CRonies worldwide -

170 00:12:49,080 --> 00:12:53,680 'people living on a diet which is rich in nutrients

171 00:12:53,680 --> 00:12:55,520 'but low in calories.

172 00:12:55,520 --> 00:12:59,080 'Joe looks fit, but not impressively young.

173 00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:02,160 'Perhaps Luigi has been exaggerating.'

174 00:13:02,160 --> 00:13:05,480 What I'd love to do is take you off and do a number of tests

175 00:13:05,480 --> 00:13:07,120 and see just how we compare.

176 00:13:07,120 --> 00:13:11,120 OK, I'm game. So, is this a challenge?

177 00:13:11,120 --> 00:13:16,040 This is a challenge indeed, a challenge I suspect I may well lose!

178 00:13:20,040 --> 00:13:25,360 For a decade, Joe's been eating 1,900 calories a day.

179 00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:28,720 I've averaged around 2,300,

180 00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:31,560 quite a few of them donuts and burgers.

181 00:13:31,560 --> 00:13:33,880 How much do you think you weigh?

182 00:13:33,880 --> 00:13:37,640 Probably about 180. Ooh, more than 180!

183 00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:39,280 Breathe in!

184 00:13:39,280 --> 00:13:44,000 I should be around 134, 135, 136.

185 00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:46,480 We just have to move it down one notch.

186 00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:49,120 134. Oh, right on.

187 00:13:51,240 --> 00:13:55,320 We're both in our 50s, and I really don't think

188 00:13:55,320 --> 00:13:58,680 we look like different generations, let alone species.

189 00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:01,520 So how different are we?

190 00:14:01,520 --> 00:14:05,280 I just need for you to relax. Sit still, no talking.

191 00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:12,880 Some of the simplest ways of assessing ageing don't need specialist equipment.

192 00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:14,240 Oh, this is good.

193 00:14:14,240 --> 00:14:17,040 Balance is controlled by your inner ear.

194 00:14:21,560 --> 00:14:24,600 'As you age, ear structures deteriorate

195 00:14:24,600 --> 00:14:27,120 'and your balance gets worse.

196 00:14:27,120 --> 00:14:30,920 One more. 'You can test it by standing on your weaker leg

197 00:14:30,920 --> 00:14:32,720 'with your eyes closed.'

198 00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:36,360 How long did I make? 6.59 seconds. Not very good.

199 00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:38,360 'Not good at all.

200 00:14:38,360 --> 00:14:41,920 'The average 55-year-old should manage 8 seconds.'

201 00:14:41,920 --> 00:14:43,760 You're down to...

202 00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:47,720 Yeah, you're doing well for the average 20-year-old.

203 00:14:47,720 --> 00:14:50,400 Over 30 seconds is what most 20-year-olds can manage,

204 00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:52,960 but it's one of those skills that drops off dramatically.

205 00:14:52,960 --> 00:14:56,680 I think you've proved a point. Stop. You can stop, yes.

206 00:14:58,720 --> 00:15:03,040 'Another good test is reaction time, which drops off with age.'

207 00:15:03,040 --> 00:15:04,840 Not good. Eight.

208 00:15:04,840 --> 00:15:07,600 'This one only needs a ruler.

209 00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:11,320 'At our age, you should be able to catch it around the five-inch mark.'

210 00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:16,680 Very good. That was 4. You're doing pretty well, I must admit.

211 00:15:21,480 --> 00:15:25,120 Luigi's methods are rather more scientific.

212 00:15:25,120 --> 00:15:28,600 We did a range of other medical tests,

213 00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:30,920 including blood tests.

214 00:15:30,920 --> 00:15:34,680 Now he's about to give us our results.

215 00:15:34,680 --> 00:15:37,800 Feels like being in the headmaster's office, doesn't it?

216 00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:39,200 Waiting for the results.

217 00:15:39,200 --> 00:15:43,160 Will you get an A-star? Will I get a B-minus?

218 00:15:43,160 --> 00:15:45,080 'Luigi's face tells me

219 00:15:45,080 --> 00:15:48,480 'that what I'm about to hear is not good news.'

220 00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:53,600 Total body fat in Joseph is 11.5%.

221 00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:57,640 This is typical of a super athlete.

222 00:15:57,640 --> 00:16:01,000 11% body fat is very low

223 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:04,720 for a 54-, 55-year-old man.

224 00:16:04,720 --> 00:16:07,360 Yours is 27.1% fat.

225 00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:09,240 A third of your body is fat.

226 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:13,280 Thank you...for making that point so emphatically!

227 00:16:13,280 --> 00:16:17,640 'And he's still not done talking about my fat.'

228 00:16:17,640 --> 00:16:19,720 Abdominal fat is around 30%.

229 00:16:19,720 --> 00:16:23,760 Abdominal fat is really the bad guy.

230 00:16:23,760 --> 00:16:26,480 The higher the abdominal fat, the higher the risk

231 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:29,560 of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease.

232 00:16:29,560 --> 00:16:32,680 No doubt about it. It's also a risk factor for cancer.

233 00:16:33,880 --> 00:16:37,920 So, basically, your cardiometabolic profile,

234 00:16:37,920 --> 00:16:39,920 it's not good. For your age.

235 00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:42,400 I think you should do something to improve it.

236 00:16:42,400 --> 00:16:44,800 What we can say is that Joseph

237 00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:48,280 is not going to develop cardiovascular disease.

238 00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:50,480 It's impossible to develop stroke,

239 00:16:50,480 --> 00:16:53,080 myocardial infarction or heart failure.

240 00:16:53,080 --> 00:16:56,080 These three diseases are responsible

241 00:16:56,080 --> 00:16:58,960 for 40% of the deaths now in US and UK.

242 00:16:58,960 --> 00:17:02,280 No chance he'll die of that? I mean, one in a million.

243 00:17:02,280 --> 00:17:06,040 And if I were to go onto Joe's lifestyle...?

244 00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:08,560 In a year, you are going to be cured.

245 00:17:12,360 --> 00:17:16,040 I now understand what Luigi means.

246 00:17:16,040 --> 00:17:20,600 It is as if we are two different species.

247 00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:24,600 Joe's diet seems to be keeping his organs in pristine condition.

248 00:17:24,600 --> 00:17:28,080 My diet is undermining my health, and fast.

249 00:17:30,480 --> 00:17:34,840 Well, that was very sobering. Luigi does not mince his words.

250 00:17:34,840 --> 00:17:36,920 He talked a bit about abdominal fat.

251 00:17:36,920 --> 00:17:39,440 In fact, he talked quite a lot about my abdominal fat.

252 00:17:39,440 --> 00:17:42,160 I've never thought of myself as particularly fat.

253 00:17:42,160 --> 00:17:45,120 But it was the sort of two visions he held out to me.

254 00:17:45,120 --> 00:17:48,240 One, where, if I continue as I am at the moment,

255 00:17:48,240 --> 00:17:53,000 I'm heading almost certainly for heart disease and possibly worse.

256 00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:57,720 The other is, if I embrace the calorie restriction way,

257 00:17:57,720 --> 00:18:01,960 he said I could be effectively cured in less than a year.

258 00:18:01,960 --> 00:18:06,160 My risk factors would move from being almost certainly

259 00:18:06,160 --> 00:18:08,520 a cardiac victim at some point

260 00:18:08,520 --> 00:18:10,360 to one in a million.

261 00:18:10,360 --> 00:18:15,400 When you put it as starkly as that, it's given me a lot to think about.

262 00:18:31,160 --> 00:18:35,920 Even though the evidence supporting the benefits of calorie restriction

263 00:18:35,920 --> 00:18:38,800 is getting stronger all the time,

264 00:18:38,800 --> 00:18:42,640 I cannot in all honesty imagine myself doing what Joe does.

265 00:18:45,080 --> 00:18:48,080 Which creates something of a dilemma.

266 00:18:50,080 --> 00:18:53,480 So, what I really want to do is try

267 00:18:53,480 --> 00:18:57,880 to understand the ways in which calorie restriction works,

268 00:18:57,880 --> 00:19:01,240 then hopefully I can get all the delicious benefits

269 00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:03,960 without actually having to do it.

270 00:19:03,960 --> 00:19:05,560 I'm in Los Angeles,

271 00:19:05,560 --> 00:19:09,400 a city that is notoriously addicted to youth.

272 00:19:09,400 --> 00:19:12,280 In fact, many people here seem to think

273 00:19:12,280 --> 00:19:15,520 that growing old and wrinkled is optional.

274 00:19:15,520 --> 00:19:19,360 I'm not going to see anyone as superficial as a plastic surgeon.

275 00:19:19,360 --> 00:19:23,280 I'm here to meet one of the world's foremost experts on ageing.

276 00:19:31,640 --> 00:19:34,280 Hi, there. Hey.

277 00:19:34,280 --> 00:19:39,400 Professor Valter Longo studies the complex mechanisms which control ageing.

278 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:47,120 He's honed in on a critical pathway that links what we eat with how we age.

279 00:19:49,400 --> 00:19:52,360 He's taking me to see two mice.

280 00:19:52,360 --> 00:19:58,160 They are both the same age, same species, same sex.

281 00:19:58,160 --> 00:20:02,040 But there's one significant difference between them.

282 00:20:02,040 --> 00:20:06,040 The little one is going to be living an awful lot longer

283 00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:08,120 than the big one.

284 00:20:11,320 --> 00:20:13,560 This little mouse right here

285 00:20:13,560 --> 00:20:17,720 holds the world record for longevity extension in a mammal.

286 00:20:17,720 --> 00:20:19,920 Oh, right. That is remarkable.

287 00:20:19,920 --> 00:20:22,840 So, how long would these subspecies of mice last?

288 00:20:22,840 --> 00:20:25,560 The big mouse here, about two years,

289 00:20:25,560 --> 00:20:28,480 and the little mouse, about a 40% longer lifespan.

290 00:20:28,480 --> 00:20:30,880 Right. They're very different, aren't they?

291 00:20:30,880 --> 00:20:33,120 Whoa! He is trying to bite me.

292 00:20:33,120 --> 00:20:35,600 HE LAUGHS

293 00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:40,120 I could feel that one going through. Should've had the double glove.

294 00:20:40,120 --> 00:20:43,360 I learned the hard way!

295 00:20:43,360 --> 00:20:46,400 The big mouse already has a 50% chance of being dead.

296 00:20:46,400 --> 00:20:48,560 OK, so he's doing well to be alive?

297 00:20:48,560 --> 00:20:51,000 He's lucky to be alive, that's right.

298 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:54,680 The small one probably has another year to go. Oh, right.

299 00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:57,640 The little guy will live on to the equivalent of what, 120 in human?

300 00:20:57,640 --> 00:21:02,680 Exactly, yeah. Another 30 to 40 years in human years.

301 00:21:02,680 --> 00:21:06,920 Can I pick it up? Go ahead. By the tail. OK.

302 00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:11,680 The little mouse I'm holding

303 00:21:11,680 --> 00:21:15,160 is actually a man-made creation.

304 00:21:15,160 --> 00:21:18,520 The reason he's so small and so long lived

305 00:21:18,520 --> 00:21:21,720 is because he's been genetically engineered.

306 00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:26,000 He has incredibly low levels of a growth hormone

307 00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:29,080 called Insulin-like Growth Factor 1.

308 00:21:29,080 --> 00:21:32,240 And it seems IGF-1 is a key factor

309 00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:35,760 linking calorie restriction and longevity.

310 00:21:42,080 --> 00:21:46,240 Clues to the link come from this group of people

311 00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:48,880 who live in a remote region of Ecuador.

312 00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:54,760 They have a very rare condition called Laron syndrome,

313 00:21:54,760 --> 00:21:58,960 which affects less than 350 people worldwide.

314 00:22:03,360 --> 00:22:05,960 That's you, is it? It makes you look like a giant, doesn't it?

315 00:22:05,960 --> 00:22:08,600 I'm the tall guy there.

316 00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:13,120 The shortest one is just over three-and-a-half feet tall.

317 00:22:13,120 --> 00:22:15,160 Up to my belly button. Is that right? Yeah.

318 00:22:15,160 --> 00:22:20,840 'What interests researchers like Valter is not their size,

319 00:22:20,840 --> 00:22:25,960 'but the fact that they seem to be virtually immune to two of the West's biggest killers.'

320 00:22:25,960 --> 00:22:27,680 The big findings, of course,

321 00:22:27,680 --> 00:22:31,160 were, they don't seem to get either diabetes or cancer.

322 00:22:31,160 --> 00:22:33,720 Do they do all the normal, sensible things we all do,

323 00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:37,160 like drink, smoke and all that? Yes, they do the normal, and more,

324 00:22:37,160 --> 00:22:39,760 so they a very unhealthy lifestyle.

325 00:22:39,760 --> 00:22:43,720 Most of them are to some extent at least overweight.

326 00:22:43,720 --> 00:22:46,520 They seem to really not watch anything they do.

327 00:22:46,520 --> 00:22:49,640 They smoke or eat very high calorie diets,

328 00:22:49,640 --> 00:22:53,440 and then they look at me and they say,

329 00:22:53,440 --> 00:22:55,080 "Oh, it doesn't matter. I'm immune."

330 00:22:55,080 --> 00:22:59,480 But the incredible thing is that there's no evidence

331 00:22:59,480 --> 00:23:02,920 of a single one of them ever dying of cancer,

332 00:23:02,920 --> 00:23:06,640 yet their normal-height relatives get cancer like everybody else.

333 00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:13,000 People with Laron syndrome have a mutation which makes them small,

334 00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:17,280 but which also seems to protect them against all these diseases.

335 00:23:19,320 --> 00:23:21,440 It's incredible working with them.

336 00:23:23,640 --> 00:23:29,120 It's a great group, and of course for us is a group that in one mutation,

337 00:23:29,120 --> 00:23:33,480 can tell us about diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and ageing.

338 00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:40,440 The Ecuadorian villagers and the long-lived mice

339 00:23:40,440 --> 00:23:42,720 have something in common.

340 00:23:42,720 --> 00:23:46,240 Their bodies produce exceptionally low levels

341 00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:48,080 of the growth hormone IGF-1.

342 00:23:50,520 --> 00:23:56,440 This discovery helped Valter piece together role that IGF-1 plays

343 00:23:56,440 --> 00:23:59,400 in the complicated business of ageing.

344 00:23:59,400 --> 00:24:02,800 Our bodies are normally in go-go mode -

345 00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:07,560 cells constantly driven to divide by IGF-1.

346 00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,400 But when IGF-1 levels drop,

347 00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:14,080 our cells shift into a completely different mode.

348 00:24:14,080 --> 00:24:17,480 The body slows production of new cells

349 00:24:17,480 --> 00:24:20,800 and starts repairing existing ones instead.

350 00:24:20,800 --> 00:24:25,520 DNA damage is more likely to get fixed.

351 00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:29,480 And that's why the mice AND the villagers are protected

352 00:24:29,480 --> 00:24:31,600 from age-related diseases.

353 00:24:40,480 --> 00:24:44,160 But what's the link to calorie restriction in humans?

354 00:24:44,160 --> 00:24:49,960 Valter has lined up a very simple, very Californian analogy.

355 00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:55,040 It turns out there is something in the food we eat

356 00:24:55,040 --> 00:24:59,280 that affects how much IGF-1 our bodies produce.

357 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:01,880 That something is protein.

358 00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:07,800 When we eat a lot of protein, our cells get locked in go-go mode.

359 00:25:07,800 --> 00:25:10,920 So it's basically like slamming your foot on the accelerator,

360 00:25:10,920 --> 00:25:13,320 saying, "Go! Go! Go!" Is that right? Exactly.

361 00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:17,000 It's pushing the cell to burn fuel.

362 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,000 In go-go mode,

363 00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:22,800 the body is more susceptible to some cancers and diabetes,

364 00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:25,120 because your cells are growing too fast

365 00:25:25,120 --> 00:25:27,440 for damage to be efficiently repaired.

366 00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:30,760 So it's like driving your car all the time

367 00:25:30,760 --> 00:25:32,560 and never taking it to the mechanic.

368 00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:36,160 Right, so that's the key, basically, is to somehow find a way

369 00:25:36,160 --> 00:25:39,120 to switch your body from going, "Broom, broom, broom,"

370 00:25:39,120 --> 00:25:44,080 into a sort of repair mode, "Look after me, make my DNA better." Exactly.

371 00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:49,400 So, how do you reduce your IGF-1?

372 00:25:50,520 --> 00:25:54,560 Well, studies on calorie restrictors suggests that eating less helps,

373 00:25:54,560 --> 00:25:55,960 but it's not enough.

374 00:25:57,040 --> 00:26:01,280 As well as cutting calories, you have to cut your protein intake.

375 00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:05,640 Not entirely

• that would be a very bad idea.

376 00:26:05,640 --> 00:26:08,520 It's about sticking to recommended guidelines,

377 00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:11,800 something most of us fail to do.

378 00:26:11,800 --> 00:26:15,840 And you don't have to be a CRonie to lower IGF-1.

379 00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:18,840 There is another way

• fasting.

380 00:26:18,840 --> 00:26:25,560 In fasting, there is a much more dramatic and much quicker response,

381 00:26:25,560 --> 00:26:30,880 and so, within 24 hours, you decrease your glucose level

382 00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:35,480 and you decrease your main growth factor, which is IGF-1.

383 00:26:38,360 --> 00:26:42,960 I do find it hard to believe that just a few days of fasting

384 00:26:42,960 --> 00:26:47,480 is going to be enough to jolt my body into a more healthy state.

385 00:26:49,200 --> 00:26:53,720 But I'm certainly intrigued, and I want to find out more.

386 00:26:53,720 --> 00:26:56,360 So I've had my IGF measured back in London,

387 00:26:56,360 --> 00:26:59,200 and they tell me that it's 28.

388 00:26:59,200 --> 00:27:01,200 Is that good? Bad?

389 00:27:01,200 --> 00:27:05,160 That's not very bad, but that's high enough

390 00:27:05,160 --> 00:27:09,160 that, based on a number of studies, including our own,

391 00:27:09,160 --> 00:27:14,480 it puts you in a higher risk category for several different cancers,

392 00:27:14,480 --> 00:27:16,840 including prostate cancer.

393 00:27:16,840 --> 00:27:21,320 Valter believes I should start to see some pretty impressive results

394 00:27:21,320 --> 00:27:25,400 after just three days and four nights of fasting.

395 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:27,680 But it's a daunting prospect.

396 00:27:29,040 --> 00:27:32,080 I think fasting's quite tough, isn't it? Have you done it yourself?

397 00:27:32,080 --> 00:27:34,280 I've done it myself, yes,

398 00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:38,280 I've fasted for four days several times

399 00:27:38,280 --> 00:27:39,920 and to me it was very tough, yeah.

400 00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:43,360 And still, if I look ahead at doing fasting,

401 00:27:43,360 --> 00:27:46,800 I see it as a tough four days, I'm not looking forward.

402 00:27:46,800 --> 00:27:48,920 Some people do, but I don't.

403 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:52,600 I'm Italian, so I look forward to eating well, you know.

404 00:27:52,600 --> 00:27:55,200 I'll bear that image in mind. Yeah.

405 00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:58,240 The greedy Italian stopping eating when I'm feeling weak about it.

406 00:27:58,240 --> 00:27:59,440 There you go. Thank you.

407 00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:11,480 Prolonged fasting can be dangerous

408 00:28:11,480 --> 00:28:15,080 and Valter thinks it should only be undertaken by people in good health

409 00:28:15,080 --> 00:28:18,240 and preferably, under close supervision.

410 00:28:18,240 --> 00:28:20,120 So he will be keeping an eye on me.

411 00:28:21,760 --> 00:28:26,360 OK, I've decided I'm going to try this fast,

412 00:28:26,360 --> 00:28:29,280 which is going to be a three-and-a-half-day fast

413 00:28:29,280 --> 00:28:35,120 and all I'm going to have is lots of water, black tea

414 00:28:35,120 --> 00:28:39,520 and one 50-calorie Cup-a-Soup a day.

415 00:28:39,520 --> 00:28:44,680 Now... Oh, God, I have never done anything quite like this before,

416 00:28:44,680 --> 00:28:46,920 so I imagine it's going to be really tough.

417 00:28:46,920 --> 00:28:49,000 But I'm interested.

418 00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:52,640 I'm also, I must admit, quite concerned about some of

419 00:28:52,640 --> 00:28:55,880 the rather bad news, health news I've been getting recently,

420 00:28:55,880 --> 00:29:01,960 so, um...it'll be a challenge, but I'm sure I'll manage it.

421 00:29:03,360 --> 00:29:05,720 Reasonably sure.

422 00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:10,920 And so, my fast begins.

423 00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:22,600 Right. It is now 10.30 at night and I am hungry.

424 00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:29,120 It has been, oh, just about 25 hours since I last ate a meal

425 00:29:29,120 --> 00:29:35,360 and the prospect of going to bed while hungry is not a great one.

426 00:29:36,960 --> 00:29:39,680 I think it's getting to me, because last night I had a dream

427 00:29:39,680 --> 00:29:44,080 and I dreamt I ate a sandwich and then I felt fantastically guilty.

428 00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:47,960 So vivid, I had a look round to see if there were any crumbs in the bed, but there weren't.

429 00:29:47,960 --> 00:29:50,440 I guess time to go to work.

430 00:29:53,480 --> 00:29:56,240 Simple dietary intervention

431 00:29:56,240 --> 00:29:59,120 can really change how the human body works.

432 00:29:59,120 --> 00:30:01,600 It puts you in a higher risk category.

433 00:30:04,440 --> 00:30:08,920 Just as Valter warned me, the first day was tough.

434 00:30:08,920 --> 00:30:11,520 Not really because I was that hungry,

435 00:30:11,520 --> 00:30:15,880 but simply because I had never done anything like this before.

436 00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:18,880 It was fear of the unknown.

437 00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:22,720 My nightfall, I'm beginning to think this is a very bad idea...

438 00:30:25,400 --> 00:30:28,280 ..particularly when I had dinner with the crew.

439 00:30:33,600 --> 00:30:36,120 Or rather, when they had dinner.

440 00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:41,720 So, yeah, here I am in a nice old Korean restaurant

441 00:30:41,720 --> 00:30:45,200 with the rest of the crew.

442 00:30:45,200 --> 00:30:48,240 And they are currently digging in...

443 00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:50,440 Enjoying it, guys?

444 00:30:50,440 --> 00:30:51,680 Beautiful. Yes.

445 00:30:51,680 --> 00:30:56,560 It's a good smell. I really, really wouldn't mind a little bite.

446 00:30:59,480 --> 00:31:02,080 I do feel very hungry.

447 00:31:03,760 --> 00:31:08,720 Fortunately, my dinner is waiting for me in my hotel room.

448 00:31:13,080 --> 00:31:15,880 I had to leave, I couldn't bear it any longer.

449 00:31:22,360 --> 00:31:26,440 HE SIGHS My delicious miso soup here.

450 00:31:26,440 --> 00:31:29,280 Give a bit of a stir with the hotel pen,

451 00:31:29,280 --> 00:31:31,680 because there's no other cutlery around.

452 00:31:33,240 --> 00:31:34,960 Mmm!

453 00:31:36,280 --> 00:31:38,960 Health. 25 calories' worth.

454 00:31:38,960 --> 00:31:40,960 And I'm looking forward to it.

455 00:31:44,400 --> 00:31:46,440 Ah!

456 00:31:48,160 --> 00:31:52,160 OK, final full day of fasting.

457 00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:54,440 Delicious breakfast here, black tea.

458 00:31:54,440 --> 00:31:58,200 I'm feeling a bit light-headed but otherwise actually all right.

459 00:31:58,200 --> 00:32:00,160 So, just 24 hours to go

460 00:32:00,160 --> 00:32:03,440 and now I'm pretty confident I'll be able to do it.

461 00:32:11,760 --> 00:32:15,120 I've learnt that hunger does not build and build,

462 00:32:15,120 --> 00:32:16,880 but comes in waves that pass.

463 00:32:18,200 --> 00:32:21,760 By now, I have depleted my body's store of glucose

464 00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:26,200 and will have switched to burning fat for fuel instead.

465 00:32:26,200 --> 00:32:27,960 And if Valter is right,

466 00:32:27,960 --> 00:32:33,000 my liver should also have stopped producing so much IGF-1,

467 00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:36,040 putting my cells into repair mode.

468 00:32:39,680 --> 00:32:44,600 Finally, it's 7am, day four, I'm getting my blood test done.

469 00:32:45,600 --> 00:32:49,440 So, after this, I can go and have breakfast? Absolutely.

470 00:32:49,440 --> 00:32:51,560 The first food for three-and-a-half days,

471 00:32:51,560 --> 00:32:55,760 the first food for 86 hours. Well, who's counting(?)

472 00:32:55,760 --> 00:32:58,640 I'm just hoping that this is going to show some change,

473 00:32:58,640 --> 00:33:02,120 particularly in my IGF, cos if I have spent the last three-and-a-half

474 00:33:02,120 --> 00:33:05,440 to four days not eating and the results have been absolutely zero,

475 00:33:05,440 --> 00:33:07,760 that would be very, very depressing.

476 00:33:09,800 --> 00:33:13,360 The fast is over.

477 00:33:13,360 --> 00:33:16,720 Mmm. Ah! That is very...

478 00:33:16,720 --> 00:33:19,400 I can just sort of begin to feel the empty spaces.

479 00:33:19,400 --> 00:33:23,360 I wasn't actually terrible hungry when I woke up this morning, but...

480 00:33:25,840 --> 00:33:28,960 ..when I start eating this, I realise what it is I was missing.

481 00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:37,800 Later that afternoon, I meet up with Valter to find out

482 00:33:37,800 --> 00:33:39,600 if it's all been worthwhile.

483 00:33:41,120 --> 00:33:44,960 I broke my fast this morning, I had some porridge and some bacon

484 00:33:44,960 --> 00:33:47,600 and I feel better. Oh, good, good.

485 00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:50,960 I'll feel even more terrific if these results are any good.

486 00:33:50,960 --> 00:33:53,640 Yeah, let's take a look at them.

487 00:33:53,640 --> 00:33:58,240 So, your insulin-like growth factor one, IGF-1, this is the normal value.

488 00:33:58,240 --> 00:34:01,640 Wow. The bad news, you're almost at the top of the normal range.

489 00:34:01,640 --> 00:34:03,760 For American standards, you're doing good.

490 00:34:03,760 --> 00:34:07,440 But not good full-stop, but not bad. I'm an average American, am I?

491 00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:10,520 That's right, yeah. And the good news is,

492 00:34:10,520 --> 00:34:13,880 with your fasting diet, you dropped to almost half. Wow.

493 00:34:13,880 --> 00:34:16,480 That's big, isn't it? Yeah. That's a big drop.

494 00:34:16,480 --> 00:34:18,960 It's a very dramatic drop, so you respond very well.

495 00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:20,960 I have to say, it was fascinating.

496 00:34:20,960 --> 00:34:25,400 Seeing that is very, very... um, surprising.

497 00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:28,320 'Surprising

• and a huge relief.

498 00:34:28,320 --> 00:34:32,360 'Halving my IGF-1 should cut my risk of certain cancers,

499 00:34:32,360 --> 00:34:34,920 'like prostate cancer, which my father had.

500 00:34:34,920 --> 00:34:37,880 'My blood sugar has also dropped to healthy levels,

501 00:34:37,880 --> 00:34:39,760 'which I'm really pleased about.'

502 00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:47,840 I challenge you in four days to get more extreme metabolic changes

503 00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:50,160 than these with anything you want.

504 00:34:50,160 --> 00:34:52,800 I think this is quite extreme enough! Yeah.

505 00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:55,800 Yeah, but, you know, if you can find something else that you can do,

506 00:34:55,800 --> 00:34:58,280 that it doesn't hurt you, that benefits you

507 00:34:58,280 --> 00:35:01,800 and that causes these changes, I'd like to know. OK.

508 00:35:05,520 --> 00:35:08,280 But Valter says, unless I switch

509 00:35:08,280 --> 00:35:11,480 to a lower protein, more plant-based diet,

510 00:35:11,480 --> 00:35:14,080 the effects won't last.

511 00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:18,720 I'll also need to fast once every couple of months,

512 00:35:18,720 --> 00:35:21,920 to maintain the benefits.

513 00:35:21,920 --> 00:35:25,560 Can I really see myself doing that?

514 00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:27,720 You have to make a decision now, in your case,

515 00:35:27,720 --> 00:35:29,240 what do you want to do, you know?

516 00:35:29,240 --> 00:35:32,240 And there is a lot of drugs that you could be taking,

517 00:35:32,240 --> 00:35:34,000 and is that what you want to do?

518 00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:39,200 And if you do so, in a few years, or in a number of years,

519 00:35:39,200 --> 00:35:43,080 you're going to be the typical 65-year-old in Europe

520 00:35:43,080 --> 00:35:47,120 that takes eight drugs a day, and so that's the option.

521 00:35:47,120 --> 00:35:50,200 MICHAEL LAUGHS And that's your call.

522 00:35:50,200 --> 00:35:54,320 Thank you, OK! That's quite an interesting choice!

523 00:36:01,440 --> 00:36:04,360 That is really, really impressive,

524 00:36:04,360 --> 00:36:06,400 that in just three-and-a-half days,

525 00:36:06,400 --> 00:36:09,160 if this data is right, and the animal data is right,

526 00:36:09,160 --> 00:36:12,160 I have massively decreased my risk

527 00:36:12,160 --> 00:36:16,280 of a whole range of age-related diseases.

528 00:36:16,280 --> 00:36:19,760 The big question in my mind at the moment is,

529 00:36:19,760 --> 00:36:22,960 can I do fasting once a month,

530 00:36:22,960 --> 00:36:25,920 for however long it takes?

531 00:36:25,920 --> 00:36:28,200 Or is there a better way, a different way,

532 00:36:28,200 --> 00:36:30,200 a more manageable way out there,

533 00:36:30,200 --> 00:36:33,640 that can do much of what this does,

534 00:36:33,640 --> 00:36:37,360 but perhaps with a little less pain?

535 00:36:37,360 --> 00:36:40,600 What I've discovered about myself is that

536 00:36:40,600 --> 00:36:46,040 the biggest problem with prolonged fasting is me.

537 00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:51,520 VALTER: 'You have to make a decision now.

538 00:36:51,520 --> 00:36:52,880 'Fasting is tough.'

539 00:36:55,160 --> 00:36:58,360 Despite knowing all the wonderful benefits...

540 00:37:00,480 --> 00:37:03,000 ..I just can't bring myself to do it.

541 00:37:15,680 --> 00:37:18,920 But the great thing about science

542 00:37:18,920 --> 00:37:22,720 is there is always someone doing further work,

543 00:37:22,720 --> 00:37:25,280 building on what others have achieved,

544 00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:28,720 which is why I'm here in Chicago.

545 00:37:28,720 --> 00:37:33,320 Here, they are doing studies not just on mice, but also on humans.

546 00:37:37,200 --> 00:37:39,920 And they seem to have found a way

547 00:37:39,920 --> 00:37:43,520 of making fasting a lot more palatable.

548 00:37:43,520 --> 00:37:48,440 I'm here to meet Dr Krista Varady,

549 00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:52,600 who has been researching something that sounds easier.

550 00:37:52,600 --> 00:37:54,400 Alternate day fasting.

551 00:37:54,400 --> 00:37:57,040 Hello! Hello there! Hi!

552 00:37:57,040 --> 00:38:00,560 Very nice to meet you. Nice to meet you! My name's Krista Varady.

553 00:38:00,560 --> 00:38:02,360 Hello! So what have you got here, then?

554 00:38:02,360 --> 00:38:04,400 So this is some of the components that we'd use

555 00:38:04,400 --> 00:38:08,040 in an alternate day fasting diet.

556 00:38:08,040 --> 00:38:11,560 It basically involves a day of pretty heavy calorie restriction.

557 00:38:11,560 --> 00:38:13,720 For women, about 400 to 500 calories a day,

558 00:38:13,720 --> 00:38:16,280 and for men, about 500 to 600 calories a day,

559 00:38:16,280 --> 00:38:18,760 and that's actually just as one meal, around lunchtime.

560 00:38:18,760 --> 00:38:22,040 We call that the fast day.

561 00:38:22,040 --> 00:38:24,560 So the fast day isn't about total abstinence.

562 00:38:24,560 --> 00:38:27,640 It's about meals that look like this.

563 00:38:27,640 --> 00:38:31,480 What's great about alternate day fasting

564 00:38:31,480 --> 00:38:33,520 is what happens on the alternate days.

565 00:38:33,520 --> 00:38:36,920 And then that's alternated with something we call the feed day,

566 00:38:36,920 --> 00:38:40,560 which is where you can eat whatever you want. Absolutely whatever you want.

567 00:38:40,560 --> 00:38:44,680 So here's the pattern of alternate day fasting.

568 00:38:44,680 --> 00:38:46,880 Fast day.

569 00:38:46,880 --> 00:38:47,960 Feed day.

570 00:38:47,960 --> 00:38:49,880 Fast day.

571 00:38:49,880 --> 00:38:51,320 Feed day.

572 00:38:51,320 --> 00:38:56,320 It certainly sounds easier than either prolonged fasting

573 00:38:56,320 --> 00:38:59,120 or the daily calorie restriction I looked at earlier.

574 00:38:59,120 --> 00:39:00,680 But is it as effective?

575 00:39:00,680 --> 00:39:04,800 Well, Krista's currently doing a trial with overweight subjects

576 00:39:04,800 --> 00:39:08,280 which suggests it might be.

577 00:39:08,280 --> 00:39:10,840 What we saw was that the alternate day fasting group

578 00:39:10,840 --> 00:39:12,960 actually lost a bit more weight,

579 00:39:12,960 --> 00:39:16,360 so about 5lb more after the 6-month period.

580 00:39:16,360 --> 00:39:21,480 And they actually saw some pretty nice decreases in LDL cholesterol,

581 00:39:21,480 --> 00:39:23,240 as well as triglycerides.

582 00:39:23,240 --> 00:39:26,160 So LDL cholesterol is the bad cholesterol,

583 00:39:26,160 --> 00:39:29,440 and triglycerides

• basically higher amounts of that

584 00:39:29,440 --> 00:39:32,720 can lead to heart disease and age-related disease.

585 00:39:32,720 --> 00:39:36,280 We also see really nice decreases in blood pressure

586 00:39:36,280 --> 00:39:37,840 over the course of the trials.

587 00:39:37,840 --> 00:39:42,040 So, again, another key heart disease risk factor.

588 00:39:49,400 --> 00:39:51,800 'In addition to so far rather limited human trials,

589 00:39:51,800 --> 00:39:55,160 'there's lots of good evidence from animal studies

590 00:39:55,160 --> 00:39:58,600 'that alternate day fasting, ADF, is safe and effective.

591 00:40:00,320 --> 00:40:02,880 'I'm convinced enough to try it.

592 00:40:02,880 --> 00:40:05,400 'Yesterday I fasted.

593 00:40:05,400 --> 00:40:07,360 'Today I feed.'

594 00:40:07,360 --> 00:40:11,000 So hopefully, we will make it back...easily enough.

595 00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:15,040 Ooh, magical mystery tour! I like that! Yeah, yeah!

596 00:40:15,040 --> 00:40:18,160 MUSIC: 'Johnny B Goode' by Chuck Berry

597 00:40:27,120 --> 00:40:29,520 BUZZER Hi, thanks for stopping.

598 00:40:29,520 --> 00:40:31,360 May I take your order, please?

599 00:40:31,360 --> 00:40:35,520 ♪ Deep down in Louisiana Close to New Orleans

600 00:40:35,520 --> 00:40:37,520 ♪ Way back up in the woods among the evergreens

601 00:40:37,520 --> 00:40:40,360 ♪ There stood a log cabin made of earth and wood

602 00:40:40,360 --> 00:40:42,800 ♪ Where lived a country boy named Johnny B Goode. ♪

603 00:40:42,800 --> 00:40:44,160 A very good choice!

604 00:40:44,160 --> 00:40:47,040 I particularly like the green stuff that's oozing out of it.

605 00:40:47,040 --> 00:40:48,600 So, I must admit,

606 00:40:48,600 --> 00:40:52,440 I am surprised to be here.

607 00:40:52,440 --> 00:40:55,760 I kind of imagined you'd be sticking on a sort of, um,

608 00:40:55,760 --> 00:40:58,080 you know, a veggie diet or something like that.

609 00:40:58,080 --> 00:41:00,760 Or, yeah, a lot of salads or something on the feed day?

610 00:41:00,760 --> 00:41:04,920 No, actually as long as you stick to the calorie goals on the fast day,

611 00:41:04,920 --> 00:41:09,400 you can literally eat whatever you like on the feed day.

612 00:41:09,400 --> 00:41:13,680 'One of Krista's most recent studies compared two groups on ADF,

613 00:41:13,680 --> 00:41:16,560 'one eating high fat, the other low fat,

614 00:41:16,560 --> 00:41:18,960 'on their feed days.'

615 00:41:18,960 --> 00:41:21,120 I'm concerned about my blood glucose,

616 00:41:21,120 --> 00:41:23,000 I'm concerned about my cholesterol,

617 00:41:23,000 --> 00:41:25,440 I'm concerned about a load of stuff. Yeah, yeah.

618 00:41:25,440 --> 00:41:29,240 Are those not, sort of, made worse by eating high fat?

619 00:41:29,240 --> 00:41:31,320 That's actually what we thought would happen.

620 00:41:31,320 --> 00:41:32,640 And then, surprisingly,

621 00:41:32,640 --> 00:41:35,000 we saw the same decreases in LDL cholesterol,

622 00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:36,880 so that's the bad cholesterol,

623 00:41:36,880 --> 00:41:38,600 and in triglycerides,

624 00:41:38,600 --> 00:41:40,800 and also in blood pressure.

625 00:41:40,800 --> 00:41:43,000 So in terms of cardiovascular disease risk,

626 00:41:43,000 --> 00:41:45,600 it didn't matter if you were eating a high-fat or low-fat diet.

627 00:41:45,600 --> 00:41:50,200 Another big surprise was that, after a day of fasting,

628 00:41:50,200 --> 00:41:54,280 people rarely gorge themselves on their feed days.

629 00:41:57,680 --> 00:42:01,320 So when we ask someone to consume 25% of their energy needs on the fast day,

630 00:42:01,320 --> 00:42:03,880 I just thought that when I started running these trials,

631 00:42:03,880 --> 00:42:05,920 that people would eat 175% the next day.

632 00:42:05,920 --> 00:42:09,120 But right from the get-go, no matter what,

633 00:42:09,120 --> 00:42:13,840 people just can't eat that 175% the next day.

634 00:42:13,840 --> 00:42:16,320 Most people eat around the 110%.

635 00:42:16,320 --> 00:42:18,880 So just slightly over what they usually eat, actually.

636 00:42:18,880 --> 00:42:21,320 You appear to be slowing down the ageing process,

637 00:42:21,320 --> 00:42:23,000 or the diseases associated with it.

638 00:42:23,000 --> 00:42:25,600 You're cutting the risks of the diseases associated,

639 00:42:25,600 --> 00:42:28,120 which is quite a profound thing to do. Yeah, absolutely.

640 00:42:33,640 --> 00:42:37,200 Krista's research is still in the early stages.

641 00:42:37,200 --> 00:42:40,360 But from what I've seen and experienced,

642 00:42:40,360 --> 00:42:42,520 I am now starting to be won over

643 00:42:42,520 --> 00:42:45,360 by the idea that a simple pattern

644 00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:49,040 of feast and fast can be powerful.

645 00:42:49,040 --> 00:42:54,000 It seems to have an impact which goes beyond simply eating less.

646 00:42:54,000 --> 00:42:57,240 And I think it could work for someone like me.

647 00:43:03,080 --> 00:43:05,920 My final stop is Baltimore.

648 00:43:05,920 --> 00:43:09,520 I'm here because I need a final bit of motivation.

649 00:43:12,560 --> 00:43:17,240 There's one aspect of ageing I find more terrifying than any other.

650 00:43:17,240 --> 00:43:21,320 The effects of ageing on my brain.

651 00:43:24,280 --> 00:43:27,440 I'm trying to catch up with Professor Mark Mattson.

652 00:43:27,440 --> 00:43:31,840 Mark is a leading expert on the ageing brain.

653 00:43:31,840 --> 00:43:34,960 His research suggests that fasting

654 00:43:34,960 --> 00:43:37,800 may help delay the onset of diseases

655 00:43:37,800 --> 00:43:40,520 like Alzheimer's, dementia, and memory loss.

656 00:43:40,520 --> 00:43:41,680 Very good! How you doing?

657 00:43:41,680 --> 00:43:44,560 Hi there! Michael Mosley. Mark Mattson.

658 00:43:44,560 --> 00:43:47,520 You work here?! Work here? No!

659 00:43:47,520 --> 00:43:50,840 Nor do I work out here! MICHAEL CHUCKLES.

660 00:43:50,840 --> 00:43:54,800 OK, Michael. We need to put some booties on!

661 00:43:56,520 --> 00:43:59,880 We're heading down into the basement

662 00:43:59,880 --> 00:44:03,080 of the National Institute on Ageing.

663 00:44:03,080 --> 00:44:04,280 OK? Yeah.

664 00:44:04,280 --> 00:44:06,000 Hidden away down here,

665 00:44:06,000 --> 00:44:09,720 there's a special mouse he's keen to show me.

666 00:44:17,680 --> 00:44:20,400 This mouse is exploring a maze.

667 00:44:22,800 --> 00:44:25,680 It's a memory test, designed to see how well he remembers

668 00:44:25,680 --> 00:44:28,840 where he has found food before.

669 00:44:28,840 --> 00:44:32,000 So the food is actually in there, is it? The food's in here.

670 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:35,920 The mice they study are destined to develop Alzheimer's disease.

671 00:44:38,440 --> 00:44:41,560 Normally, they succumb within a relatively short time,

672 00:44:41,560 --> 00:44:44,360 but when these mice are put on a diet

673 00:44:44,360 --> 00:44:47,160 of feast days and fast days,

674 00:44:47,160 --> 00:44:50,120 what Mark calls "intermittent energy restriction",

675 00:44:50,120 --> 00:44:51,840 the results are incredible.

676 00:44:51,840 --> 00:44:55,680 ..So that the animals on intermittent energy restriction,

677 00:44:55,680 --> 00:44:58,240 they'll live much longer with normal,

678 00:44:58,240 --> 00:44:59,880 at least, as best we can test,

679 00:44:59,880 --> 00:45:03,560 normal learning and memory, before they start having problems.

680 00:45:03,560 --> 00:45:05,280 Significantly longer?

681 00:45:05,280 --> 00:45:07,480 Yeah, highly significantly.

682 00:45:07,480 --> 00:45:10,600 We found in one study, six months to a year.

683 00:45:10,600 --> 00:45:14,280 That's the equivalent in a human of the difference between

684 00:45:14,280 --> 00:45:17,280 developing signs of Alzheimer's at say, the age of 50,

685 00:45:17,280 --> 00:45:20,760 and the age of 80? Something like that? Is that right? Yeah.

686 00:45:20,760 --> 00:45:24,160 'On the other hand, when the mice eat a fast-food diet,

687 00:45:24,160 --> 00:45:27,640 'they go downhill much earlier.'

688 00:45:27,640 --> 00:45:30,920 We give them... Lots of sugary drinks? A high-fat diet, exactly.

689 00:45:30,920 --> 00:45:32,880 And we put fructose in their drinking water,

690 00:45:32,880 --> 00:45:35,520 and that has a dramatic effect.

691 00:45:35,520 --> 00:45:37,920 The animals will have an earlier onset

692 00:45:37,920 --> 00:45:40,280 of the learning and memory problems.

693 00:45:40,280 --> 00:45:41,720 How much sooner?

694 00:45:41,720 --> 00:45:44,880 Um, three to four months sooner. Wow.

695 00:45:44,880 --> 00:45:48,760 So that is the equivalent of them developing Alzheimer's

696 00:45:48,760 --> 00:45:51,360 in their 30s or maybe early 40s? Right.

697 00:45:51,360 --> 00:45:55,120 So far, they've only done studies in mice,

698 00:45:55,120 --> 00:45:58,040 but they're about to carry out human trials.

699 00:45:58,040 --> 00:46:00,400 How good if the evidence that if someone like me

700 00:46:00,400 --> 00:46:02,520 were to start on intermittent fasting,

701 00:46:02,520 --> 00:46:05,520 it would cut my risk of brain disease, broadly?

702 00:46:07,640 --> 00:46:10,000 I think, from the human standpoint,

703 00:46:10,000 --> 00:46:16,000 if we go on a scale from poor to good to very good

704 00:46:16,000 --> 00:46:18,080 to excellent to outstanding,

705 00:46:18,080 --> 00:46:20,400 it's in the very good to excellent range.

706 00:46:21,760 --> 00:46:24,720 That's the way I would categorise it.

707 00:46:29,560 --> 00:46:31,320 So, what's going on?

708 00:46:33,440 --> 00:46:36,120 Well, when they examined the brains of the fasting mice,

709 00:46:36,120 --> 00:46:39,440 they found something extraordinary.

710 00:46:39,440 --> 00:46:44,920 These green objects are newborn brain cells.

711 00:46:44,920 --> 00:46:47,080 These three here are brand new?

712 00:46:47,080 --> 00:46:53,600 Sporadic bouts of hunger actually trigger new neurons to grow.

713 00:46:53,600 --> 00:46:57,160 Why should a brain start to generate

714 00:46:57,160 --> 00:47:00,000 new nerve cells when you stop feeding it?

715 00:47:00,000 --> 00:47:03,240 If you think about this in evolutionary terms, it makes sense

716 00:47:03,240 --> 00:47:09,040 if you're hungry, you'd better increase your cognitive ability.

717 00:47:09,040 --> 00:47:11,280 That will give you a survival advantage,

718 00:47:11,280 --> 00:47:15,000 if you can remember where the location of the food is and so on.

719 00:47:17,040 --> 00:47:22,760 It seems that fasting stresses your grey matter the way that exercise stresses your muscles.

720 00:47:25,480 --> 00:47:30,160 So hunger really does make you sharper? Yes. We think so.

721 00:47:34,080 --> 00:47:39,280 Mark's research is starting to point towards a simple conclusion.

722 00:47:39,280 --> 00:47:43,600 Alternate day fasting has better effects on the brain

723 00:47:43,600 --> 00:47:47,480 than does a lower amount of daily calorie restriction.

724 00:47:47,480 --> 00:47:53,280 It's true of mice, but he needs to do proper human trials to prove it's true in us.

725 00:47:57,840 --> 00:48:02,000 I've come to the end of my search to find out how to eat, fast and live longer.

726 00:48:03,200 --> 00:48:07,600 The official advice is, eat at least 2,000 calories a day,

727 00:48:07,600 --> 00:48:11,640 and if you really want to fast, even on an intermittent basis,

728 00:48:11,640 --> 00:48:15,920 see your doctor first, because there are people it could harm,

729 00:48:15,920 --> 00:48:19,560 such as pregnant women or those who are already underweight.

730 00:48:21,200 --> 00:48:25,960 I'm going to be cautious, and have decided to go with a pattern that Mark recommended.

731 00:48:25,960 --> 00:48:31,680 Not alternate day fasting, but a less extreme five/two diet -

732 00:48:31,680 --> 00:48:37,080 five days' normal eating, followed by two days' fasting, each week.

733 00:48:38,360 --> 00:48:43,720 It's my last day in the States, and it has been absolutely eye opening.

734 00:48:43,720 --> 00:48:48,480 I had no idea at all that there was so much research going on

735 00:48:48,480 --> 00:48:54,200 into fasting, calorie restriction in all its forms, and sort of anti-ageing research.

736 00:48:55,200 --> 00:48:59,960 I've decided now that I am definitely going to try the five/two diet,

737 00:48:59,960 --> 00:49:05,200 that's five days' normal eating, then two days of 600 calories a day.

738 00:49:05,200 --> 00:49:07,760 I really, really hope it makes a difference,

739 00:49:07,760 --> 00:49:11,360 because I'm conscious now that I am really at the foothills

740 00:49:11,360 --> 00:49:14,720 of what could be quite a steep advance into age,

741 00:49:14,720 --> 00:49:19,560 and if there is something that could slow that ageing process down and give me

742 00:49:19,560 --> 00:49:25,360 more years of healthy living, then I would really embrace that.

743 00:49:31,000 --> 00:49:35,280 I'm heading home to the UK.

744 00:49:35,280 --> 00:49:40,560 I've decided to give myself five weeks to get used to my new diet,

745 00:49:40,560 --> 00:49:43,760 and see if I get results.

746 00:49:49,760 --> 00:49:52,520 This is going to be one of my fasting days,

747 00:49:52,520 --> 00:49:55,240 and I've decided I'm going to eat breakfast as my main meal.

748 00:49:55,240 --> 00:49:59,440 Mark Mattson told me he doesn't think it matters

749 00:49:59,440 --> 00:50:01,760 when you eat your calories on a fast day.

750 00:50:01,760 --> 00:50:05,280 I've tried other things, but it is really quite discouraging

751 00:50:05,280 --> 00:50:07,840 going into work when you're feeling hungry.

752 00:50:09,640 --> 00:50:12,480 There's another reason I'm determined to try this regime.

753 00:50:12,480 --> 00:50:16,040 When I arrived home, I had another IGF-1 test.

754 00:50:17,040 --> 00:50:21,280 Annoyingly, my levels were higher than ever.

755 00:50:21,280 --> 00:50:27,800 Turns out the hard-won effects of the four-day fast only lasted a short while.

756 00:50:27,800 --> 00:50:30,680 And she's kind of running with it at the moment, I think.

757 00:50:30,680 --> 00:50:33,920 'So I hope this is something I can stick to.'

758 00:50:33,920 --> 00:50:37,280 Good. It's done. It's actually twenty to two,

759 00:50:37,280 --> 00:50:41,040 and I don't feel remotely hungry, but it is lunchtime,

760 00:50:41,040 --> 00:50:44,920 so if nothing else, I think I'm going to go and prowl around.

761 00:50:44,920 --> 00:50:50,680 MUSIC: "Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger" by Daft Punk

762 00:51:02,400 --> 00:51:06,840 I found that fasting when I'm busy at work was doable,

763 00:51:06,840 --> 00:51:09,720 but the next big test is my holiday.

764 00:51:09,720 --> 00:51:11,880 I'm walking with some friends.

765 00:51:11,880 --> 00:51:17,080 We are doing a walk across the Trans-Pennine Way.

766 00:51:17,080 --> 00:51:22,080 Had breakfast this morning about two hours ago,

767 00:51:22,080 --> 00:51:28,200 and I'm planning on eating next breakfast tomorrow.

768 00:51:28,200 --> 00:51:32,160 So far I am feeling quite good.

769 00:51:35,080 --> 00:51:39,960 It's now about seven o'clock. Haven't eaten for about 12 hours.

770 00:51:39,960 --> 00:51:43,520 The others are behind me in the pub eating,

771 00:51:43,520 --> 00:51:47,640 so I decided to come outside for a bit, because...

772 00:51:47,640 --> 00:51:50,400 I'm not as strong-minded as I thought I was.

773 00:51:50,400 --> 00:51:53,480 My stomach is begin to rumble a bit, but it's all right.

774 00:51:57,880 --> 00:52:02,400 'It's been five weeks since I started the five/two diet.'

775 00:52:02,400 --> 00:52:04,720 Heel! Heel!

776 00:52:04,720 --> 00:52:06,920 Not very good dog!

777 00:52:06,920 --> 00:52:10,520 'I managed to fit in two 600 calorie fast days each week,

778 00:52:10,520 --> 00:52:13,960 'though they tended to be a bit scattered around.

779 00:52:13,960 --> 00:52:16,440 'But has it been enough to make a difference?'

780 00:52:17,840 --> 00:52:19,640 So, today's results day.

781 00:52:19,640 --> 00:52:21,520 I have lost, I know, some weight,

782 00:52:21,520 --> 00:52:25,000 I'll find out in a moment just how much, but I'm mainly interested

783 00:52:25,000 --> 00:52:29,200 in the bloods, because five or six weeks ago they were pretty terrible.

784 00:52:29,200 --> 00:52:34,280 I have high blood glucose, high cholesterol, high IGF.

785 00:52:34,280 --> 00:52:37,480 And I'm really, really keen to see them improve,

786 00:52:37,480 --> 00:52:41,400 because frankly, if they haven't improved, then I am in trouble,

787 00:52:41,400 --> 00:52:46,480 and I do want to stay young and healthy for my family, for myself.

788 00:52:46,480 --> 00:52:51,800 So, I'm quite anxious, because this matters an awful lot to me.

789 00:52:55,000 --> 00:52:59,080 Just to remind you, this is what I looked like at the start of this film.

790 00:53:01,160 --> 00:53:04,040 And this is me today.

791 00:53:04,040 --> 00:53:06,640 I've had to add a few new holes to my belt,

792 00:53:06,640 --> 00:53:09,800 so I know that something has changed, but by how much?

793 00:53:09,800 --> 00:53:14,400 Right, the moment of truth, in which I discovered just how much weight I have lost.

794 00:53:14,400 --> 00:53:18,360 These are a special type of scales which are going to measure my weight accurately,

795 00:53:18,360 --> 00:53:20,280 but also, apparently, my body fat.

796 00:53:20,280 --> 00:53:23,280 Hey! That is fantastic!

797 00:53:23,280 --> 00:53:31,240 That is 173.8lb, which means I have lost well over a stone.

798 00:53:31,240 --> 00:53:36,280 My body fat when we did it before was 27%,

799 00:53:36,280 --> 00:53:39,440 and now it's below 20.

800 00:53:39,440 --> 00:53:42,560 That is really, really pleasing.

801 00:53:46,280 --> 00:53:50,960 I feel good, and my family say I look slimmer.

802 00:53:50,960 --> 00:53:54,120 It really hasn't been that difficult,

803 00:53:54,120 --> 00:53:58,280 and I'm delighted that I'm no longer in the overweight category.

804 00:53:58,280 --> 00:54:02,400 But what I really want to know is what's changed inside my body.

805 00:54:06,920 --> 00:54:12,280 Professor Luigi Fontana is about to call with my final results.

806 00:54:12,280 --> 00:54:15,160 Hi, Michael! Hi, Luigi, how are you?

807 00:54:15,160 --> 00:54:17,680 I'm fine, and you? I'm very good.

808 00:54:17,680 --> 00:54:19,200 So, we've got your results.

809 00:54:19,200 --> 00:54:23,880 Just by fasting two days a week, you made a great impact

810 00:54:23,880 --> 00:54:28,760 on your cardiometabolic health, and so I'm very proud of you.

811 00:54:28,760 --> 00:54:33,920 'But what's happened to my IGF-1? Is my body still in go-go mode?'

812 00:54:33,920 --> 00:54:38,760 IGF-1 is the major risk factor for cancer.

813 00:54:38,760 --> 00:54:42,080 Breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer.

814 00:54:42,080 --> 00:54:45,480 Both the three-and-a-half day fasting

815 00:54:45,480 --> 00:54:51,840 and the five weeks' intermittent fasting dropped your IGF-1 by 50%.

816 00:54:53,360 --> 00:54:56,600 'Which is enough to reduce my risk of certain cancers.

817 00:54:56,600 --> 00:55:00,240 'But what about my blood sugar, which was borderline diabetic?'

818 00:55:00,240 --> 00:55:05,560 Your glucose dropped to 90. Right. Fantastic.

819 00:55:05,560 --> 00:55:07,640 So your glucose became normal again.

820 00:55:07,640 --> 00:55:10,760 'My final result is cholesterol.'

821 00:55:10,760 --> 00:55:15,320 So, you had a reduction in total cholesterol,

822 00:55:15,320 --> 00:55:17,840 and in an increase in the good cholesterol.

823 00:55:17,840 --> 00:55:21,920 This shows how little it takes, you know,

824 00:55:21,920 --> 00:55:26,160 to improve without drugs, without taking medication.

825 00:55:26,160 --> 00:55:29,120 'It wasn't THAT little an effort,

826 00:55:29,120 --> 00:55:34,520 'but I have cut my risk of developing diseases which could shorten my life.'

827 00:55:34,520 --> 00:55:37,680 Thank you. So, I should live happily ever after, should I?

828 00:55:37,680 --> 00:55:40,200 I don't know if you're going to live happier,

829 00:55:40,200 --> 00:55:44,200 but you have a lower risk of developing diseases.

830 00:55:44,200 --> 00:55:47,440 Thank you very much, Luigi, really, thank you. You're welcome.

831 00:55:47,440 --> 00:55:50,600 I'm very, very pleased. Very pleased indeed.

832 00:55:50,600 --> 00:55:53,920 That was far better than I was expecting.

833 00:55:55,400 --> 00:56:00,520 'I wanted my wife Claire, who is a GP, to share my results.'

834 00:56:00,520 --> 00:56:05,840 So, this is my IGF, which is kind of my cancer/ageing risk.

835 00:56:05,840 --> 00:56:10,440 This one's come down to half on the two-day fasting. Yes.

836 00:56:10,440 --> 00:56:14,560 All of them have shown the improvement that you, kind of, hoped for.

837 00:56:14,560 --> 00:56:15,720 Yes.

838 00:56:15,720 --> 00:56:19,040 That basically means you're not going to have to take tablets at all, at the moment.

839 00:56:19,040 --> 00:56:20,280 No. If you stick to it.

840 00:56:21,400 --> 00:56:24,080 Well, you're looking good on it.

841 00:56:24,080 --> 00:56:26,160 Thank you. No, I'm really pleased.

842 00:56:26,160 --> 00:56:28,960 I have to say that's really, amazingly good news. Mmm.

843 00:56:33,400 --> 00:56:37,840 The results have been absolutely fantastic for me,

844 00:56:37,840 --> 00:56:42,000 but that doesn't mean that intermittent fasting will work for everyone.

845 00:56:44,200 --> 00:56:48,200 It's really important that they do more trials on humans,

846 00:56:48,200 --> 00:56:51,320 to find out if, in the long term, it is safe and effective.

847 00:56:53,760 --> 00:56:58,760 But having experienced intermittent fasting, I plan to go on doing it.

848 00:56:59,880 --> 00:57:03,240 It seems to have undone some of the damage

849 00:57:03,240 --> 00:57:05,880 that I have done to my body down the years.

850 00:57:08,920 --> 00:57:12,040 It is very poignant looking at the photographs of myself

851 00:57:12,040 --> 00:57:15,160 and members of my family growing up and growing older,

852 00:57:15,160 --> 00:57:18,640 but it doesn't make me want to hold back the hands of time.

853 00:57:18,640 --> 00:57:23,920 I sort of think that we do grow old, we should grow old,

854 00:57:23,920 --> 00:57:26,920 and there's very little we can do about it.

855 00:57:26,920 --> 00:57:31,680 But fasting is somehow different. Fasting is not about trying to live to 140,

856 00:57:31,680 --> 00:57:35,880 it's about staying healthy for as long as you can,

857 00:57:35,880 --> 00:57:39,280 and with the sort of time bomb we're facing as a nation,

858 00:57:39,280 --> 00:57:42,240 with obesity going up, diabetes going up,

859 00:57:42,240 --> 00:57:45,960 we desperately need something which can make a difference.

860 00:57:45,960 --> 00:57:49,480 Fasting is the first thing I've come across

861 00:57:49,480 --> 00:57:52,840 that I genuinely believe that if people were to take it up,

862 00:57:52,840 --> 00:57:56,840 it could radically transform the nation's health.

863 00:57:56,840 --> 00:58:03,360 So, I hope that we continue to see massive research going into this territory.

864 00:58:04,560 --> 00:58:08,240 Doing this fasting has been one of the most interesting...

865 00:58:08,240 --> 00:58:11,600 no, I would say THE most interesting sort of journey, film,

866 00:58:11,600 --> 00:58:14,240 whatever you want to call it, that I have been on.

867 00:58:14,240 --> 00:58:16,320 DOG WHIMPERS

868 00:58:16,320 --> 00:58:18,520 And I've never said that before.

869 00:58:32,000 --> 00:58:35,640 Subtitles by Jozef Jarosciak